Abdel-Mawgoud, A. M. R., Tantaway, A. S., Hafez, M. M. and Habib, H. A (2020). Seaweed extract improves growth, yield and quality of different watermelons hybrids. Res. J. Agric. Sci. 6:161-68.
Ahmad, I., Bozhuyuk, M. R., Maryam, Ahmad, R. and Anjum, M. A. (2025). Applications of plant growth regulators in vegetables. In: Iqbal, Z., Anjum, M.A., Ercisli, S., Rauf, S. (eds) Sustainable and Innovative Vegetable Production in times of Climate Change. Springer, Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6283-8_16.
Botha, R. (2005). Citrullus lanatus. FAO, TSWALU, Kalahari Reserve. http://ecoport.org/ep? Plant=708 & entity Type=PL (Accessed 3/3/2011).
Buono, D. D. (2021). Can biostimulants be used to mitigate the effect of anthropogenic climate change on agriculture? It is time to respond. Sci. Total Environ. 751: doi:10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.141763.
Caruso, G., De Pascale, S., Cozzolino, E., Giordano, M., El-Nakhel, C., Cuciniello, A., Cenvinzo, V., Colla, G. and Rouphael, Y. (2019). Protein hydrolysate or plant extract-based biostimulants enhanced yield and quality performances of greenhouse perennial wall rocket grown in different seasons. Plants 5: doi:10.3390/plants8070208.
Colla, G., Cardarelli, M., Bonini, P. and Rouphael, Y. (2017). Foliar applications of protein hydrolysate, plant and seaweed extracts increase yield but differentially modulate fruit quality of greenhouse tomato. HortSci. 52: 1214–20.
Corrado, C. L., Donati, L., Taglienti, A., Ferretti, L., Faggioli, F., Reverberi, M. and Bertin, S. (2024). An evaluation of organic biostimulants as a tool for the sustainable management of viral infections in zucchini plants. Hort. 10: doi:10.3390/horticulturae10111176.
Dauda, S. N., Ajayi, F. A. and Ndor, E. (2008). Growth and yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) as affected by poultry manure application. J. Agric. Soc. Sci. 4: 121-24.
Davidovich-Rikanati, R., Shalev, L., Baranes, N., Meir, A, Itkin, M., Cohen, S. and Zimbler. K. (2015). Recombinant yeast as a functional tool for understanding bitterness and cucurbitacin biosynthesis in watermelon (Citrullus spp.). Yeast 32: 103-14.
Di Mola, I., Cozzolino, E., Ottaiano, L., Giordano, M., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G. and Mori, M. (2019). Effect of vegetal and seaweed extract-based biostimulants on agronomical and leaf quality traits of plastic tunnel-grown baby lettuce under four regimes of nitrogen fertilization. Agron. 9: doi:10.3390/agronomy9100571.
Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Sci. Hortic. 196: 3-14.
Ghasemi, A. and Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non- statisticians. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab, 10: 486-89. doi:10.5812/ijem.3505.
Giordano, M., El-Nakhel, C., Carillo, P., Colla, G., Graziani, G., Di Mola, I., Mori, M., Kyriacou, M. C., Rouphael, Y., Soteriou, G. A. and Sabatino, L. (2022). Plant-derived biostimulants differentially modulate primary and secondary metabolites and improve the yield potential of red and green lettuce cultivars, Agron.12: doi:10.3390/agronomy12061361.
Goñi, O., Quille, P. and O’Connell, S. (2018). Ascophyllum nodosum extract biostimulants and their role in enhancing tolerance to drought stress in tomato plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem 126: 63–73.
Kim, Y. C., Choi, D., Zhang, C., Liu, H. F. and Lee, S. (2018). Profiling cucurbitacin from diverse watermelons (Citrullus spp). Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 59: 557–66.
Mokwena, P. L. (2024). Effect of different concentrations of phytostim biostimulant applications on growth, yield, and postharvest attributes of cherry tomatoes (Master of Agriculture Management), University of Limpopo, South Africa.
Mulvaney, R. L., Khan, S. A. and Ellsworth, T. R. (2009). Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: A global dilemma for sustainable cereal production. J. Environ. Qual. 38: 2295-314.
Ngwepe, R. M., Shimelis, H. and Mashilo, J. (2021). Variation in South African citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides [L.H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) landraces assessed through qualitative and quantitative phenotypic traits. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol 68: 2495–520.
Paradikovic, N., Teklic, T., Zeljkovic, S., Lisjak, M. and Špoljarevic, M. (2019). Biostimulants research in some horticultural plant species - A review. Food Energy Secur. 8: doi:10.1002/fes3.162.
Patanè, C., Scordia, D., Testa, G. and Cosentino, S. L. (2016). Physiological screening for drought tolerance in Mediterranean long-storage tomato. Plant Sci. 249: 25–34,
Rouphael, Y., De Micco, V., Arena, C., Raimondi, G., Colla, G. and De Pascale, S. (2017). Effect of Ecklonia maxima seaweed extract on yield, mineral composition, gas exchange, and leaf anatomy of zucchini squash grown under saline conditions. J. Appl. Phycol 29: 459–70.
Rouphael, Y., Giordano, M., Cardarelli, M., Cozzolino, E., Mori, M., Kyriacou, M.C., Bonini, P. and Colla, G. (2018). Plant- and seaweed-based extracts increase yield but differentially modulate nutritional quality of greenhouse spinach through biostimulant action. Agron.
8: doi:10.3390/agronomy8070126.
Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52: 591-611.
Tseke, P. E. and Mashela, P. W. (2017). Sensitivities of nematode-inoculated tomato plants to Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide from fresh Cucumis myriocarpus fruit. Res. Crop. 18: 751-57.
Zeljković, S., Parađiković, N., Vinković, T., Tkalec, M., Maksimović, I. and Haramija, J. (2013). Nutrient status, growth and proline concentration of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) as affected by biostimulant treatment. J. Food. Agric. Environ. 11: 2324-27.
Zhang, X., Ervin, E. H. and Schmidt, R. E. (2003). Seaweed extracts humic acid, and propiconazole improve tall fescue sod heat tolerance and posttransplant quality. HortSci. 38: 440–43.
Zhang, X., Yin, J., Ma, Y., Peng, Y., Fenton, O., Wang, W., Zhang, W. and Chen, Q. (2024). Unlocking the potential of biostimulants derived from organic waste and by-product sources: Improving plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses in agriculture. Environ. Tech. Innov. 34: doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103571.
Ahmad, I., Bozhuyuk, M. R., Maryam, Ahmad, R. and Anjum, M. A. (2025). Applications of plant growth regulators in vegetables. In: Iqbal, Z., Anjum, M.A., Ercisli, S., Rauf, S. (eds) Sustainable and Innovative Vegetable Production in times of Climate Change. Springer, Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6283-8_16.
Botha, R. (2005). Citrullus lanatus. FAO, TSWALU, Kalahari Reserve. http://ecoport.org/ep? Plant=708 & entity Type=PL (Accessed 3/3/2011).
Buono, D. D. (2021). Can biostimulants be used to mitigate the effect of anthropogenic climate change on agriculture? It is time to respond. Sci. Total Environ. 751: doi:10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.141763.
Caruso, G., De Pascale, S., Cozzolino, E., Giordano, M., El-Nakhel, C., Cuciniello, A., Cenvinzo, V., Colla, G. and Rouphael, Y. (2019). Protein hydrolysate or plant extract-based biostimulants enhanced yield and quality performances of greenhouse perennial wall rocket grown in different seasons. Plants 5: doi:10.3390/plants8070208.
Colla, G., Cardarelli, M., Bonini, P. and Rouphael, Y. (2017). Foliar applications of protein hydrolysate, plant and seaweed extracts increase yield but differentially modulate fruit quality of greenhouse tomato. HortSci. 52: 1214–20.
Corrado, C. L., Donati, L., Taglienti, A., Ferretti, L., Faggioli, F., Reverberi, M. and Bertin, S. (2024). An evaluation of organic biostimulants as a tool for the sustainable management of viral infections in zucchini plants. Hort. 10: doi:10.3390/horticulturae10111176.
Dauda, S. N., Ajayi, F. A. and Ndor, E. (2008). Growth and yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) as affected by poultry manure application. J. Agric. Soc. Sci. 4: 121-24.
Davidovich-Rikanati, R., Shalev, L., Baranes, N., Meir, A, Itkin, M., Cohen, S. and Zimbler. K. (2015). Recombinant yeast as a functional tool for understanding bitterness and cucurbitacin biosynthesis in watermelon (Citrullus spp.). Yeast 32: 103-14.
Di Mola, I., Cozzolino, E., Ottaiano, L., Giordano, M., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G. and Mori, M. (2019). Effect of vegetal and seaweed extract-based biostimulants on agronomical and leaf quality traits of plastic tunnel-grown baby lettuce under four regimes of nitrogen fertilization. Agron. 9: doi:10.3390/agronomy9100571.
Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Sci. Hortic. 196: 3-14.
Ghasemi, A. and Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non- statisticians. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab, 10: 486-89. doi:10.5812/ijem.3505.
Giordano, M., El-Nakhel, C., Carillo, P., Colla, G., Graziani, G., Di Mola, I., Mori, M., Kyriacou, M. C., Rouphael, Y., Soteriou, G. A. and Sabatino, L. (2022). Plant-derived biostimulants differentially modulate primary and secondary metabolites and improve the yield potential of red and green lettuce cultivars, Agron.12: doi:10.3390/agronomy12061361.
Goñi, O., Quille, P. and O’Connell, S. (2018). Ascophyllum nodosum extract biostimulants and their role in enhancing tolerance to drought stress in tomato plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem 126: 63–73.
Kim, Y. C., Choi, D., Zhang, C., Liu, H. F. and Lee, S. (2018). Profiling cucurbitacin from diverse watermelons (Citrullus spp). Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 59: 557–66.
Mokwena, P. L. (2024). Effect of different concentrations of phytostim biostimulant applications on growth, yield, and postharvest attributes of cherry tomatoes (Master of Agriculture Management), University of Limpopo, South Africa.
Mulvaney, R. L., Khan, S. A. and Ellsworth, T. R. (2009). Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: A global dilemma for sustainable cereal production. J. Environ. Qual. 38: 2295-314.
Ngwepe, R. M., Shimelis, H. and Mashilo, J. (2021). Variation in South African citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides [L.H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) landraces assessed through qualitative and quantitative phenotypic traits. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol 68: 2495–520.
Paradikovic, N., Teklic, T., Zeljkovic, S., Lisjak, M. and Špoljarevic, M. (2019). Biostimulants research in some horticultural plant species - A review. Food Energy Secur. 8: doi:10.1002/fes3.162.
Patanè, C., Scordia, D., Testa, G. and Cosentino, S. L. (2016). Physiological screening for drought tolerance in Mediterranean long-storage tomato. Plant Sci. 249: 25–34,
Rouphael, Y., De Micco, V., Arena, C., Raimondi, G., Colla, G. and De Pascale, S. (2017). Effect of Ecklonia maxima seaweed extract on yield, mineral composition, gas exchange, and leaf anatomy of zucchini squash grown under saline conditions. J. Appl. Phycol 29: 459–70.
Rouphael, Y., Giordano, M., Cardarelli, M., Cozzolino, E., Mori, M., Kyriacou, M.C., Bonini, P. and Colla, G. (2018). Plant- and seaweed-based extracts increase yield but differentially modulate nutritional quality of greenhouse spinach through biostimulant action. Agron.
8: doi:10.3390/agronomy8070126.
Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52: 591-611.
Tseke, P. E. and Mashela, P. W. (2017). Sensitivities of nematode-inoculated tomato plants to Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide from fresh Cucumis myriocarpus fruit. Res. Crop. 18: 751-57.
Zeljković, S., Parađiković, N., Vinković, T., Tkalec, M., Maksimović, I. and Haramija, J. (2013). Nutrient status, growth and proline concentration of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) as affected by biostimulant treatment. J. Food. Agric. Environ. 11: 2324-27.
Zhang, X., Ervin, E. H. and Schmidt, R. E. (2003). Seaweed extracts humic acid, and propiconazole improve tall fescue sod heat tolerance and posttransplant quality. HortSci. 38: 440–43.
Zhang, X., Yin, J., Ma, Y., Peng, Y., Fenton, O., Wang, W., Zhang, W. and Chen, Q. (2024). Unlocking the potential of biostimulants derived from organic waste and by-product sources: Improving plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses in agriculture. Environ. Tech. Innov. 34: doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103571.
