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Bundake, V., Khilnani, V., Kale, A. and Pardeshi, I. L. (2026). Effect of nano-multi micronutrients on agronomic traits, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in pot trial of maize (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Econ. Plants 13: 01–08. doi: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.23910/2/2026.6886a.
Cattivelli, L., Rizza, F., Badeck, F., Mazzucotelli, E., Mastrangelo, A., Francia, E., Marè, C., Tondelli, A. and Stanca, A. M. (2008). Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: An integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Res. 105: 1–14. doi:10.1016/ j.fcr.2007.07.004.
Copeland, L. O. and McDonald, M. B. (2001). Principles of seed science and technology. 4th Ed. Springer, New York, USA.
Directorate of Economics and Statistics (2023). Agricultural statistics at a glance 2023. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
Donia, D. T., Abd El-Aziz, M. E., El-Sayed, H. M. and El-Gamal, S. M. (2023). Seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles to enhance germination and stress tolerance: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24: doi:10.3390/ijms242417612.
Fageria, N. K., Baligar, V. C. and Clark, R. B. (2002). Micronutrients in crop production. Adv. Agron. 77: 185–68.
Ferreira, F., Antunes, R., Souza, L. P., Benavides-Mendoza, A. and Garcia-Sanchez, C. (2023). Copper nanoparticles as seed priming agent improve germination, copper uptake and morphophysiological traits in maize seedlings. Plants 12: doi:10.3390/plants12051036.
Garcia-Locascio, E. and Cervantes-Aviles, P. (2025). Seed priming with boron-based nanoparticles mitigates germination losses in tomato under hyperthermia stress. BIO Web Conf. 205: doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202520501010.
Geremew, A., Tesfaye, K., Mekonnen, B. and Alemu, S. (2025). Nanopriming with ZnO nanoparticles enhances seed germination and antioxidative defense to improve seedling establishment. Front. Plant Sci.16: doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1599192.
ICAR (2020). Maize research and development in India. ICAR–Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
ISTA (2023). International Seed Testing Association. International rules for seed testing. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Itroutwar, D. I., Govindaraju, K., Tamilselvan, S., Kannan, M. and Subramanian, K. S. (2021). Influence of nanoscale micronutrient α-Fe₂O₃ on seed germination, seedling growth, physiological effects and yield of rice and maize. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 162: 564–80. doi:10.1016/ j.plaphy.2021.03.023.
Itroutwar, P. D., Waghmare, A. G., Ghosh, M. A. and Pawar, S. S. (2020). Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on germination and seedling growth in maize (Zea mays L.). J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 9: 3473–76.
Kumar, R., Kumar, P., Singh, M. and Kumar, S. (2022). Effect of nano-fertilizers on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of crops: A review. J. Plant Nutr. 45: 1845–60. doi:10.1080/01904167.2022.2031737.
Liu, X., Nadeem, M. and Rui, Y. (2024). Effects of nanofertilizers on the mechanism of photosynthetic efficiency in plants: A review. Phyton – Int. J. Exp. Bot. 93: 3197–216. doi:10.32604/phyton.2024.059281.
Mittler, R. (2006). Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci. 11: 15–19. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.11.002.
Nciizah, A. D., Rapetsoa, M. C., Wakindiki, I. C. and Zerizghy, M. G. (2020). Micronutrient seed priming improves maize (Zea mays) early seedling growth in micronutrient-deficient soil. Heliyon 6: doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04766.
Noreen, J., Rafique, M., Imran, M. and Nadeem, S. (2021). Nanofertilizers: Applications and their role in sustainable agriculture. J. Plant Nutr. 44: 1489–503. doi.org/10.1080/01904167. 2021.1871749.
Olalekan, .Y. O., Adebayo, A. G. and Olanrewaju, O. A. (2020). Effect of micronutrient seed priming on germination and early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under nutrient-deficient soil conditions. J. Plant Nutr. 43: 2105–18. doi:10.1080/01904167.2020.1766078.
Raliya, R. and Tarafdar, J. C. (2013). ZnO nanoparticle biosynthesis and its effect on phosphorus-mobilizing enzyme secretion and gum contents in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Agric. Res. 2: 48–57. doi:10.1007/s40003-012-0049-z.
Salehi, H., Pereira, M. M. and Nile, S. H. (2023). Comparative effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn₂O₃-NPs) and other manganese forms on seed germination and seedling development in Artemisia annua. Front. Plant Sci. 13: doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1098772.
Sary, D. H. and Abd El-Aziz, M. E. (2025). Synthesis and characterization of nano-micronutrient fertilizer and its effect on nutrient availability and maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in calcareous soils. Sci. Rep. 15: doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11273-7.
Sharma, P., Bana, R.S., Choudhary, A.K. and Rana, V.K. (2021). Effect of nano-zinc seed priming on germination, growth, yield and zinc biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.). J. Plant Nutr. 44: 2096–108. doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2021.1871742.
Shukla, A. K., Behera, S. K., Tripathi, A., Patra, A. K., Dwivedi, B. S. and Chaudhari, S. K. (2021). Deficiency of phyto-available sulphur, zinc, boron, iron, copper and manganese in soils of India. Sci. Rep.11: doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99040-2.
Singh, D., Prasad, S., Yadav, V. and Singh, A. (2023). Role of nano-fertilizers in improving nutrient use efficiency, crop productivity and biofortification: A review. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 23: 1205–21. doi:10.1007/s42729-023-01015-7.
Bewley, J. D., Bradford, K., Hilhorst, H. and Nonogaki, H. (2013). Seeds: Physiology of development, germination and dormancy. 3rd Ed. Springer, New York, USA. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4693-4.
Bundake, V., Khilnani, V., Kale, A. and Pardeshi, I. L. (2026). Effect of nano-multi micronutrients on agronomic traits, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in pot trial of maize (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Econ. Plants 13: 01–08. doi: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.23910/2/2026.6886a.
Cattivelli, L., Rizza, F., Badeck, F., Mazzucotelli, E., Mastrangelo, A., Francia, E., Marè, C., Tondelli, A. and Stanca, A. M. (2008). Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: An integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Res. 105: 1–14. doi:10.1016/ j.fcr.2007.07.004.
Copeland, L. O. and McDonald, M. B. (2001). Principles of seed science and technology. 4th Ed. Springer, New York, USA.
Directorate of Economics and Statistics (2023). Agricultural statistics at a glance 2023. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
Donia, D. T., Abd El-Aziz, M. E., El-Sayed, H. M. and El-Gamal, S. M. (2023). Seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles to enhance germination and stress tolerance: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24: doi:10.3390/ijms242417612.
Fageria, N. K., Baligar, V. C. and Clark, R. B. (2002). Micronutrients in crop production. Adv. Agron. 77: 185–68.
Ferreira, F., Antunes, R., Souza, L. P., Benavides-Mendoza, A. and Garcia-Sanchez, C. (2023). Copper nanoparticles as seed priming agent improve germination, copper uptake and morphophysiological traits in maize seedlings. Plants 12: doi:10.3390/plants12051036.
Garcia-Locascio, E. and Cervantes-Aviles, P. (2025). Seed priming with boron-based nanoparticles mitigates germination losses in tomato under hyperthermia stress. BIO Web Conf. 205: doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202520501010.
Geremew, A., Tesfaye, K., Mekonnen, B. and Alemu, S. (2025). Nanopriming with ZnO nanoparticles enhances seed germination and antioxidative defense to improve seedling establishment. Front. Plant Sci.16: doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1599192.
ICAR (2020). Maize research and development in India. ICAR–Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
ISTA (2023). International Seed Testing Association. International rules for seed testing. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Itroutwar, D. I., Govindaraju, K., Tamilselvan, S., Kannan, M. and Subramanian, K. S. (2021). Influence of nanoscale micronutrient α-Fe₂O₃ on seed germination, seedling growth, physiological effects and yield of rice and maize. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 162: 564–80. doi:10.1016/ j.plaphy.2021.03.023.
Itroutwar, P. D., Waghmare, A. G., Ghosh, M. A. and Pawar, S. S. (2020). Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on germination and seedling growth in maize (Zea mays L.). J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 9: 3473–76.
Kumar, R., Kumar, P., Singh, M. and Kumar, S. (2022). Effect of nano-fertilizers on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of crops: A review. J. Plant Nutr. 45: 1845–60. doi:10.1080/01904167.2022.2031737.
Liu, X., Nadeem, M. and Rui, Y. (2024). Effects of nanofertilizers on the mechanism of photosynthetic efficiency in plants: A review. Phyton – Int. J. Exp. Bot. 93: 3197–216. doi:10.32604/phyton.2024.059281.
Mittler, R. (2006). Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci. 11: 15–19. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.11.002.
Nciizah, A. D., Rapetsoa, M. C., Wakindiki, I. C. and Zerizghy, M. G. (2020). Micronutrient seed priming improves maize (Zea mays) early seedling growth in micronutrient-deficient soil. Heliyon 6: doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04766.
Noreen, J., Rafique, M., Imran, M. and Nadeem, S. (2021). Nanofertilizers: Applications and their role in sustainable agriculture. J. Plant Nutr. 44: 1489–503. doi.org/10.1080/01904167. 2021.1871749.
Olalekan, .Y. O., Adebayo, A. G. and Olanrewaju, O. A. (2020). Effect of micronutrient seed priming on germination and early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under nutrient-deficient soil conditions. J. Plant Nutr. 43: 2105–18. doi:10.1080/01904167.2020.1766078.
Raliya, R. and Tarafdar, J. C. (2013). ZnO nanoparticle biosynthesis and its effect on phosphorus-mobilizing enzyme secretion and gum contents in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Agric. Res. 2: 48–57. doi:10.1007/s40003-012-0049-z.
Salehi, H., Pereira, M. M. and Nile, S. H. (2023). Comparative effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn₂O₃-NPs) and other manganese forms on seed germination and seedling development in Artemisia annua. Front. Plant Sci. 13: doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1098772.
Sary, D. H. and Abd El-Aziz, M. E. (2025). Synthesis and characterization of nano-micronutrient fertilizer and its effect on nutrient availability and maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in calcareous soils. Sci. Rep. 15: doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11273-7.
Sharma, P., Bana, R.S., Choudhary, A.K. and Rana, V.K. (2021). Effect of nano-zinc seed priming on germination, growth, yield and zinc biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.). J. Plant Nutr. 44: 2096–108. doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2021.1871742.
Shukla, A. K., Behera, S. K., Tripathi, A., Patra, A. K., Dwivedi, B. S. and Chaudhari, S. K. (2021). Deficiency of phyto-available sulphur, zinc, boron, iron, copper and manganese in soils of India. Sci. Rep.11: doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99040-2.
Singh, D., Prasad, S., Yadav, V. and Singh, A. (2023). Role of nano-fertilizers in improving nutrient use efficiency, crop productivity and biofortification: A review. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 23: 1205–21. doi:10.1007/s42729-023-01015-7.










