Al-Hazmi, A. S., Ibrahim, A. A. M. and Abdul-Raziq, A. T. (1993). Distribution, frequency and population density of nematodes associated with potato in Saudi Arabia. Afro-As. J. Nematol. 3: 107-11.
Chen, J. C., Chiu, M. H., Nie, R. L., Cordell, G. A. and Qiu, S. X. (2005). Cucurbitacins and cucurbitane glycosides: Structures and biological activities. Nat. Prod. Rep. 22: 386-99.
Chitwood, B. G. (1949). Root-knot nematodes. Part I. A revision of the genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887. In: Proc. Helminthological Society of Washington, Washington, 16: 90-104.
Chiuta, N. E. (2021). Influence of pre-infectional and post-infectional nematode resistance mechanisms in crop rotation sequences on population densities of Meloidogyne species and soil health. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Cinarli, I. and Eterkin, N. N. (1996). Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 damage on russet Burbank potato tubers. J. Turk. Phytopathol. 25: 103-07.
Collett, R. L. 2020. A comparative study of the development and reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii and other thermophilic South African Meloidogyne species. M.Sc. Dissertation, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, South Africa. pp. 226.
Curtis, R. H. C. (2008). Plant nematode interactions: Environmental signals detected by the nematode’s chemosensory organs control changes in the surface cuticle and behaviour. Parasite 15: 310-16.
Dabaj, K. H., and Khan, M. W. (1981). Incidence of root-knot disease in tomato and potato and identity of the casual species in the western region of the Libyan Jamahiriya. Libyan J. Agric. 10: 103-09.
Devaux, A., Kromann, P. and Ortiz, O. (2014). Potatoes for sustainable global food security. Potato Res. 57: 185-99.
Dube, Z. P. (2016). Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides: Bioactivities in Meloidogyne incognita, tomato crop, soil type and organic matter. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Dube, Z. P. and Mashela, P. W. (2016). Nemafric-BL phytonematicide induces egg hatch inhibition in Meloidogyne incognita. Acta Agr. Scand. Sect. B - Soil & Pl. Sci. 66: 384-86.
Essumang, D. K., Asare, E. A. and Dodoo, D. K. (2017). Determination of pesticides residue content in watermelon fruit from Ghana. Fruits 72: 55-63.
Ghasemi, A. and Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non-statisticians. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 10: 486–89.
Gheysen, G. and Fenoll, C. (2002). Gene expression in nematode feeding sites. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 40: 191-219.
Javed, N., Gowen, S. R., Inam-ul-Haq, M., Abdullah, K. and Shahina, F. (2007). Systemic and persistent effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) formulations against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica and their storage life. Crop Protec. 26: 911-16.
Kleynhans, K. P. N., Van der Berg, E., Swart, A., Marais, M., Buckley, N. H. (1996). Plant nematodes in South Africa. PPRI Handbook no. 8. Pretoria: Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division, National Collection of Nematodes, South Africa. pp. 165.
Marais, M., Swart, A., Fourie, H., Shauwn, D. B. Rinus, K. and Malan, A. P. (2017). Techniques and procedures. In: Nematology in South Africa: A view from the 21st century (Eds. Fourie, H., Spaull, V. W., Jones, R. K., Daneel, M. S. and de Waele, D.). Springer, Cham. pp. 73-117.
Marais, M., Swart, A., Knoetze, R. and K. Pofu. (2015). Plant nematodes in South Africa. A checklist of nematodes associated with potatoes. Chips. 13: 38-42.
Mashela, P. W. and Shokoohi, E. (2021). Morphometric and total protein responses in Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles to Nemafric-BL phytonematicide. Sci. Rep. 11: 1135-46.
Mashela, P. W., De Waele, D., Dube, Z., Khosa, M. C., Pofu, K. M., Tefu, G., Daneel, M. S. and Fourie, H. (2017a). Alternative nematode management strategies. In: Nematology in South Africa: A view from the 21st century (Eds. Fourie, H., Spaull, V. W., Jones, R. K., Daneel, M. S. and de Waele, D.). Springer, Cham. pp. 151-81.
Mashela, P. W., Ndhlala, A. and Pofu, K. M., Dube, Z. P. (2017b). Phytochemicals of nematode-resistant transgenic plants. In: Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism, Reference Series in Phytochemistry (Ed. Jha, S.). Springer International Publishing. pp. 553-68.
Mashela, P. W., Shimelis, H. A. and Mudau, F. (2008). Comparison of the efficacy of ground wild cucumber fruits, aldicarb and fenamiphos on suppression of the root-knot nematode in tomato. J. Phytopathol. 156: 264-67.
Mathabatha, R.V., Mashela, P.W. and M.N. Mokgalong, M. N. (2017). Non-phytotoxic concentration of cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides and the overall sensitivities to Swingle citrumelo seedling rootstock. Res. Crops 18: 518-22.
Meyer, A. H., Valentine, A. J., Botha, A., Archer, E. and Louw, P. J. E. (2004). Young grape response and root colonisation following inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. South Afr. J. Enol. Vitic. 25: 26-38.
Mitchell, B. L., Blair, B. W. and Martin, G. C. (1971). Potatoes in Rhodesia. Part II. Pests of potatoes. Tech. Bull., Rhod. Agric. J. 11: 25-31.
Noling, J. W. (2019). Movement and toxicity of nematicides in the plant root zone. University of Florida, IFAS Ext. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. pp. 8.
Pelinganga, O. M. (2013). Developing bio-nematicides using indigenous Cucumis africanus and Cucumis myriocarpus fruits for tomato production system. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo. Sovenga, South Africa. pp. 218.
Pelinganga, O. M. and Mashela, P. W. (2012). Mean dosage stimulation range of allelochemicals from crude extracts of Cucumis africanus fruit for improving growth of tomato plant and suppressing Meloidogyne incognita numbers. J. Agr. Sci. 12 : 8-12.
Pofu, K. M. and Mashela, P. W. (2022) Interactive effects of filamentous fungi and cucurbitacin phytonematicide on growth of cowpea and suppression of Meloidogyne enterolobii. Front. Microbiol. 13: doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.765051.
Proveda, J., Abril-Urias, P. and Escobar, C. (2020). Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes by filamentous fungi inducers of resistance: Trichoderma, mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. Front. Microbiol. 11: 992-1006.
Seshweni, Mosima (2016). Integrated system for the management of Meloidogyne javanica in potato production. Masters Dissertation, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa. pp. 137.
Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52: 591-11.
Sithole, N. T., Pofu, K. M., Mashela, P. W., Dube, Z. P. and Araya, H. (2016). Overall sensitivity of Pelargonium sidoides and root-knot nematodes to Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide. Transylvn. Rev. 24: 2996-3001.
Taylor, A. L. and Sasser, J. N. (1978). Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). North Carolina State University Press: Raleigh, North Carolina. pp. 111.
Tseke, P. E. and Mashela, P. W. (2017). Efficacy of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide from fresh Cucumis africanus fruit on suppression of root-knot nematodes and growth of tomato plants. Res. Crops 18: 289-93.
Van Wyk, B. and Wink, M. (2014). Phytomedicine herbal drugs and poisons. University of Chicago Press, USA, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. pp. 304.
Vovlas, N., Mifsud, D., Landa, B. B. and Castillo, P. (2005). Pathogenicity of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on potato. Pl. Pathol. 54: 657-64.
Wyss, U. Grundler, F. and Mü, A. (1992). The parasitic behaviour of second-stage juveniles Meloidogyne incognita in roots of Arabiodopsis thaliana. Nematropica 38: 98-111.
Chen, J. C., Chiu, M. H., Nie, R. L., Cordell, G. A. and Qiu, S. X. (2005). Cucurbitacins and cucurbitane glycosides: Structures and biological activities. Nat. Prod. Rep. 22: 386-99.
Chitwood, B. G. (1949). Root-knot nematodes. Part I. A revision of the genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887. In: Proc. Helminthological Society of Washington, Washington, 16: 90-104.
Chiuta, N. E. (2021). Influence of pre-infectional and post-infectional nematode resistance mechanisms in crop rotation sequences on population densities of Meloidogyne species and soil health. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Cinarli, I. and Eterkin, N. N. (1996). Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 damage on russet Burbank potato tubers. J. Turk. Phytopathol. 25: 103-07.
Collett, R. L. 2020. A comparative study of the development and reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii and other thermophilic South African Meloidogyne species. M.Sc. Dissertation, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, South Africa. pp. 226.
Curtis, R. H. C. (2008). Plant nematode interactions: Environmental signals detected by the nematode’s chemosensory organs control changes in the surface cuticle and behaviour. Parasite 15: 310-16.
Dabaj, K. H., and Khan, M. W. (1981). Incidence of root-knot disease in tomato and potato and identity of the casual species in the western region of the Libyan Jamahiriya. Libyan J. Agric. 10: 103-09.
Devaux, A., Kromann, P. and Ortiz, O. (2014). Potatoes for sustainable global food security. Potato Res. 57: 185-99.
Dube, Z. P. (2016). Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides: Bioactivities in Meloidogyne incognita, tomato crop, soil type and organic matter. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Dube, Z. P. and Mashela, P. W. (2016). Nemafric-BL phytonematicide induces egg hatch inhibition in Meloidogyne incognita. Acta Agr. Scand. Sect. B - Soil & Pl. Sci. 66: 384-86.
Essumang, D. K., Asare, E. A. and Dodoo, D. K. (2017). Determination of pesticides residue content in watermelon fruit from Ghana. Fruits 72: 55-63.
Ghasemi, A. and Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non-statisticians. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 10: 486–89.
Gheysen, G. and Fenoll, C. (2002). Gene expression in nematode feeding sites. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 40: 191-219.
Javed, N., Gowen, S. R., Inam-ul-Haq, M., Abdullah, K. and Shahina, F. (2007). Systemic and persistent effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) formulations against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica and their storage life. Crop Protec. 26: 911-16.
Kleynhans, K. P. N., Van der Berg, E., Swart, A., Marais, M., Buckley, N. H. (1996). Plant nematodes in South Africa. PPRI Handbook no. 8. Pretoria: Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division, National Collection of Nematodes, South Africa. pp. 165.
Marais, M., Swart, A., Fourie, H., Shauwn, D. B. Rinus, K. and Malan, A. P. (2017). Techniques and procedures. In: Nematology in South Africa: A view from the 21st century (Eds. Fourie, H., Spaull, V. W., Jones, R. K., Daneel, M. S. and de Waele, D.). Springer, Cham. pp. 73-117.
Marais, M., Swart, A., Knoetze, R. and K. Pofu. (2015). Plant nematodes in South Africa. A checklist of nematodes associated with potatoes. Chips. 13: 38-42.
Mashela, P. W. and Shokoohi, E. (2021). Morphometric and total protein responses in Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles to Nemafric-BL phytonematicide. Sci. Rep. 11: 1135-46.
Mashela, P. W., De Waele, D., Dube, Z., Khosa, M. C., Pofu, K. M., Tefu, G., Daneel, M. S. and Fourie, H. (2017a). Alternative nematode management strategies. In: Nematology in South Africa: A view from the 21st century (Eds. Fourie, H., Spaull, V. W., Jones, R. K., Daneel, M. S. and de Waele, D.). Springer, Cham. pp. 151-81.
Mashela, P. W., Ndhlala, A. and Pofu, K. M., Dube, Z. P. (2017b). Phytochemicals of nematode-resistant transgenic plants. In: Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism, Reference Series in Phytochemistry (Ed. Jha, S.). Springer International Publishing. pp. 553-68.
Mashela, P. W., Shimelis, H. A. and Mudau, F. (2008). Comparison of the efficacy of ground wild cucumber fruits, aldicarb and fenamiphos on suppression of the root-knot nematode in tomato. J. Phytopathol. 156: 264-67.
Mathabatha, R.V., Mashela, P.W. and M.N. Mokgalong, M. N. (2017). Non-phytotoxic concentration of cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides and the overall sensitivities to Swingle citrumelo seedling rootstock. Res. Crops 18: 518-22.
Meyer, A. H., Valentine, A. J., Botha, A., Archer, E. and Louw, P. J. E. (2004). Young grape response and root colonisation following inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. South Afr. J. Enol. Vitic. 25: 26-38.
Mitchell, B. L., Blair, B. W. and Martin, G. C. (1971). Potatoes in Rhodesia. Part II. Pests of potatoes. Tech. Bull., Rhod. Agric. J. 11: 25-31.
Noling, J. W. (2019). Movement and toxicity of nematicides in the plant root zone. University of Florida, IFAS Ext. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. pp. 8.
Pelinganga, O. M. (2013). Developing bio-nematicides using indigenous Cucumis africanus and Cucumis myriocarpus fruits for tomato production system. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo. Sovenga, South Africa. pp. 218.
Pelinganga, O. M. and Mashela, P. W. (2012). Mean dosage stimulation range of allelochemicals from crude extracts of Cucumis africanus fruit for improving growth of tomato plant and suppressing Meloidogyne incognita numbers. J. Agr. Sci. 12 : 8-12.
Pofu, K. M. and Mashela, P. W. (2022) Interactive effects of filamentous fungi and cucurbitacin phytonematicide on growth of cowpea and suppression of Meloidogyne enterolobii. Front. Microbiol. 13: doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.765051.
Proveda, J., Abril-Urias, P. and Escobar, C. (2020). Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes by filamentous fungi inducers of resistance: Trichoderma, mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. Front. Microbiol. 11: 992-1006.
Seshweni, Mosima (2016). Integrated system for the management of Meloidogyne javanica in potato production. Masters Dissertation, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa. pp. 137.
Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52: 591-11.
Sithole, N. T., Pofu, K. M., Mashela, P. W., Dube, Z. P. and Araya, H. (2016). Overall sensitivity of Pelargonium sidoides and root-knot nematodes to Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide. Transylvn. Rev. 24: 2996-3001.
Taylor, A. L. and Sasser, J. N. (1978). Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). North Carolina State University Press: Raleigh, North Carolina. pp. 111.
Tseke, P. E. and Mashela, P. W. (2017). Efficacy of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide from fresh Cucumis africanus fruit on suppression of root-knot nematodes and growth of tomato plants. Res. Crops 18: 289-93.
Van Wyk, B. and Wink, M. (2014). Phytomedicine herbal drugs and poisons. University of Chicago Press, USA, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. pp. 304.
Vovlas, N., Mifsud, D., Landa, B. B. and Castillo, P. (2005). Pathogenicity of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on potato. Pl. Pathol. 54: 657-64.
Wyss, U. Grundler, F. and Mü, A. (1992). The parasitic behaviour of second-stage juveniles Meloidogyne incognita in roots of Arabiodopsis thaliana. Nematropica 38: 98-111.
