Loading...

Impact of elicitor applications and planting distances on growth and phytochemical properties of Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.)

Citation :- Impact of elicitor applications and planting distances on growth and phytochemical properties of Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Res. Crop. 26: 132-137
SANTI ROSNIAWATY, MIRA ARIYANTI, SYARIFUL MUBAROK, RIJA SUDIRJA, ANNISA LUGINA RACHMAN, DHEA SEPTIANI AND ZUHAL MUHAMMAD HAMIS santi.rosniawaty@unpad.ac.id
Address : Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
Submitted Date : 21-11-2024
Accepted Date : 1-03-2025

Abstract

The pith of the Sappanwood wood stem is widely recognized for its benefits as a traditional medicinal ingredient, requiring a wide stem diameter and high phytochemical content to maximize its potential. Large stem diameters can be achieved through optimal plant spacing, while high phytochemical content can be enhanced by applying growth regulators like salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response and phytochemicals (phenolic and flavonoid) of Sappanwood plants after being given SA and MeJA at different planting distances. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design, with planting distance (J) as the main plot and elicitors (P) as the sub-plot. The planting distance factor levels were J1 = 1m × 1m, J2 = 2m × 2m cm, J3 = 3m × 3m. The Elicitor factor levels were H0 = Without elicitor, H1 = SA 200 ppm, and H2 = MeJA 300 ppm. The experiment showed that planting distance and elicitor application had separate effects on the growth and chemical content of Sappanwood plants. The 1 m × 1 m planting distance gave the smallest canopy coverage, while SA helped increase stem diameter the most. There was an interaction between planting distance and elicitors for total phenolic and flavonoid content. The best results for these compounds came from using a 1 m × 1 m planting distance with MeJA. This shows that choosing the right planting distance and elicitor can improve both growth and chemical content in Sappanwood plants.

Keywords

Elicitor planting distance phytochemical sappanwood

References

Barket, A. (2021). Salicylic acid: An efficient elicitor of secondary metabolite production in plants. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 31: doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101884.
Craine J. M. and R. Dybzinski. (2013).  Mechanisms of plant competition for nutrients, water and light. Funct. Ecol. 27:833-40. 
Eshete, A., Yilma, Z., Gashaye, D. and M, Geremew. (2022). Effect of spacing on growth performance and leaf biomass yield of Moringa stenopetala tree plantations.  Trees For. People 9: doi:10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100299.
Halder, M., Sarkar, A. and Jha, S. (2019). Elicitation: A biotechnological tool for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in hairy root cultures. Eng. Life Sci. 19: 880-95.  doi:10.1002/elsc.201900058.
Jeyasri, R., Muthuramalingam, P., Karthick, K., Shin, H., Choi, S. H. and Ramesh, M. (2023). Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid as powerful elicitors for enhancing the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants: an updated review. PCTOC 153: 447–58. doi:10.1007/s11240-023-02485-8.
Li, A., Sun, X. and Liu, A. (2022). Action of salicylic acid on plant growth (Mini review). Front. Plant Sci. 13: doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.878076.
Liu, T., Song, F., Liu, S. and Zhul, X. (2011). Canopy structure, light interception, and photosynthetic characteristics under different narrow-wide planting patterns in maize at silking stage. Spanish J. Agric. Res. 9: 1249-6. doi:10.5424/sjar/20110904-050-11.
Ma, Q., Tan., L., Zhou., D., Wang, X., Sun, H., Wang, Y., Tian, L., Shi, C., Wei, A. and Fei, X. (2024). Exogenous methyl jasmonate induces CHS and promotes flavonoid accumulation in Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Ind. Crop. Prod. 222: doi:10.1016/j.indcrop. 2024.119682.
Mishra, A. K. and Baek, K. H. (2021). Salicylic acid biosynthesis and metabolism: A divergent pathway for plants and bacteria. Biomolecules 11: doi:10.3390/biom11050705.
Nguyen, K. C., Duong, T. T. and Nguyen, V. T. (2024). Influence of chemical elicitors on induced defence system in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) caused by Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus. Res. Crop. 25: 717-23.
Pant, P., Pandey, S. and Dall’Acqua, S. (2021). The Influence of environmental conditions on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants: A Literature Review. Chem. Biodiversity 11: doi:10.1002/cbdv.202100345.
Selwal, N., Rahayu, F., Herwati, A., Latifah, E., Supriyono, C., Suhara, I. B. K., Suastika, W., Mahayu, M. and Wani, A. K. (2023). Enhancing secondary metabolite production in plants: Exploring traditional and modern strategies, J. Agric. Food Res. 14: doi:10.1016/ j.jafr.2023.100702.
Thakur, A., Kumari, N. and Sharma, V. (2018). Role of DREB1A gene in Triticum aestivum L. seeds treated with different elicitors to delay drought stress. Res. Crop. 19: 673-79.
Vij, T., Anil, P. P., Shams, R., Dash, K. K., Kalsi, R., Pandey, V. K., Harsányi, E., Kovács, B., and Shaikh, A. M. (2023). A comprehensive review on bioactive compounds found in Caesalpinia sappan.  Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 28: doi:10.3390/molecules 28176247.
Wang, J., Qian, J. and Yao, L. (2015). Enhanced production of flavonoids by methyl jasmonate elicitation in cell suspension culture of Hypericum perforatum. Bioresour. Bioprocess. 2: doi:10.1186/s40643-014-0033-5.
 Xu, Na., Meng., L., Tang., F., Du., S., Xu., Y., Kuang., S., Lv., Y., Song., W., Li, Y., Qi, W. and Zang, Y. (2023). Plant spacing effects on stem development and secondary growth in Nicotiana tabacum. Agronomy 13: doi:10.3390/agronomy13082142.
Yang, L., Wen, K. S., Ruan, X., Zhao, Y. X., Wei, F. and Wang, Q. (2018). Response of plant secondary metabolites to environmental factors. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 23: doi:10.3390/molecules23040762.
Zafar, Z., Rasheed, F., Mushtaq, N., Khan, M. U., Mohsin, M., Irshad, M. A., Summer, M., Raza, Z. and Gailing, O. (2023). Exogenous application of salicylic acid improves physiological and biochemical attributes of Morus alba saplings under soil water deficit. Forests 14: doi:10.3390/f14020236.
Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. and Jianming, W. (1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 64: 555-59.



Global Footprints