Ciriello, M., Campana, E., De Pascale, S. and Rouphael, Y. (2024). Implications of vegetal protein hydrolysates for improving nitrogen use efficiency in leafy vegetables. Horticulturae 10: doi:10.3390/horticulturae10020132.
Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Canaguier, R., Svecova, E. and Cardarelli, M. (2014). Biostimulant action of a plant-derived protein hydrolysate produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. Front. Plant Sci. 5: doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00448.
Deolu Ajayi, A. O., van der Meer, I. M., van der Werf, A. and Karlova, R. (2022). The power of seaweeds as plant biostimulants to boost crop production under abiotic stress. Plant Cell Environ. 45: 2514–29.
Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Sci. Hortic. 196: 3–14.
Fatima, M. M. and Al-Yasari, M. N. H. (2024). Maize response to mineral fertilizers and seaweed extract for growth and yield related traits. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 56: 1738–48.
Gandhi, G., Gopalakrishnan, V. A. K., Veeragurunathan, V. and Ghosh, A. (2024). Unlocking the potential of tropical red and brown seaweed-based biostimulants—a comparative assessment for sustainable maize (Zea mays) production. J. Appl. Phycol. 36: 1513–31.
Khan, W., Rayirath, U. P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M. N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D. M., Critchley, A. T., Craigie, J. S., Norrie, J. and Prithiviraj, B. (2009). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. J. Plant Growth Regul. 28: 386–99.
Khushalani, B. (2025). Sustainable crop production through biostimulants, biofertilizers and organic amendments: A mini review. Farm. Manage. 10: 75-84.
Layek, J., Das, A., Ghosh, A., Sarkar, D., Idapuganti, R., Boragohain, J., Yadav, G. and Lal, R. (2017). Foliar application of seaweed sap enhances growth, yield and quality of maize in Eastern Himalayas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci. 89: 1–9.
Mashamaite, C.V., Ngcobo, B. L., Manyevere, A., Bertling, I. and Fawole, O. A. (2022). Assessing the usefulness of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a biostimulant to supplement synthetic fertilizers: a review. Plants 11: doi:10.3390/plants11172214.
Parida, P. K., Somasundaram, E., Krishnan, R., Radhamani, S., Sivakumar, U., Parameswari, E., Raja, R., Rangasami, S. R. S., Sangeetha, S. P and Gangai Selvi, R. (2024). Unmanned aerial vehicle-measured multispectral vegetation indices for predicting LAI, SPAD chlorophyll, and yield of maize. Agriculture 14: doi:10.3390/agriculture14071110.
Pérez-Oñate, C. J., Nicolau, M. C. M., Broetto, F., Alves, C. J., Bettini, M. O., Ferreira, T. C., Bossolani, J. W., Montes de Oca, M., Heitmann, W., Moreno-Poveda, G.A., Villaseñor-Ortiz, D., da , L. C., Filho, S. G., Little, H., Maude, S. and Stadnik, M. J. (2026). Crop yield responses to seaweed extract based biostimulants depend on application strategy: a meta-analysis. Front. Plant Sci. 17: doi:10.3389/fpls.2026.1803269.
Ronga, D., Biazzi, E., Parati, K., Carminati, D., Carminati, E. and Tava, A. (2019). Microalgal biostimulants and biofertilisers in crop productions. Agronomy 9: doi:10.3390/agronomy9040192.
Rouphael, Y. and Colla, G. (2020). Biostimulants in agriculture. Front. Plant Sci. 11: doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00040.
Sagala, B. Y., Fahrurrozi, F., Sudjatmiko, S., Herison, C. and Widodo, W. (2026). Organic biostimulant from Sargassum polycystum promotes vegetative growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Agric. Technol. 22: 465–74.
Shivashankar, K., Potdar, M. P., Gawdiya, S., Biradar, D. P. and El Hendawy, S. (2025). SPAD dynamics in maize crop and its relationship with grain yield under precision nitrogen management. Sci. Rep. 15: doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05255-y.
Sujeeth, N., Petrov, V., Guinan, K. J., Rasul, F., O'Sullivan, J. T. and Gechev, T. S. (2022). Current insights into the molecular mode of action of seaweed based biostimulants and sustainability of seaweed as raw material resources. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23: doi:10.3390/ijms23147654.
Széles, A., Megyes, A. and Harsányi, E. (2023). Maize production under drought stress: nutrient supply, yield prediction. Plants 12: doi:10.3390/plants12183301.
Tinte, M. M., Masike, K., Steenkamp, P. A., Huyser, J., van der Hooft, J. J. J. and Tugizimana, F. (2022). Computational metabolomics tools reveal metabolic reconfigurations underlying the effects of biostimulant seaweed extracts on maize plants under drought stress conditions. Metabolites 12: doi:10.3390/metabo12060487.
Van Oosten, M. J., Pepe, O., De Pascale, S., Silletti, S. and Maggio, A. (2017). The role of biostimulants and bioeffectors as alleviators of abiotic stress in crop plants. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric. 4: doi:10.1186/s40538-017-0089-5.
Vilchez-Navarro, S., Morales-Pizarro, A., Morocho-Romero, H., Casas-Niño, S., Cárdenas Huamán, G., Velarde-Apaza, L. D. and Lozano-Isla, F. (2025). Biostimulant-induced enhancement of germination and early seedling growth in creole and hybrid purple maize (Zea mays L.). Res. Crop. 26: 444-57.
Yuniati, N., Kusumiyati, K., Mubarok, S. and Nurhadi, B. (2022). The role of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaf extract as a plant biostimulant in improving agricultural products. Plants 11: doi:10.3390/plants11172186.
Zhang, X., Schmidt, R. E., Ervin, E. and Doak, S. (2002). Creeping bentgrass physiological responses to natural plant growth regulators and iron under two regimes. HortSci. 37: 898–902.
Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Canaguier, R., Svecova, E. and Cardarelli, M. (2014). Biostimulant action of a plant-derived protein hydrolysate produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. Front. Plant Sci. 5: doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00448.
Deolu Ajayi, A. O., van der Meer, I. M., van der Werf, A. and Karlova, R. (2022). The power of seaweeds as plant biostimulants to boost crop production under abiotic stress. Plant Cell Environ. 45: 2514–29.
Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Sci. Hortic. 196: 3–14.
Fatima, M. M. and Al-Yasari, M. N. H. (2024). Maize response to mineral fertilizers and seaweed extract for growth and yield related traits. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 56: 1738–48.
Gandhi, G., Gopalakrishnan, V. A. K., Veeragurunathan, V. and Ghosh, A. (2024). Unlocking the potential of tropical red and brown seaweed-based biostimulants—a comparative assessment for sustainable maize (Zea mays) production. J. Appl. Phycol. 36: 1513–31.
Khan, W., Rayirath, U. P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M. N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D. M., Critchley, A. T., Craigie, J. S., Norrie, J. and Prithiviraj, B. (2009). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. J. Plant Growth Regul. 28: 386–99.
Khushalani, B. (2025). Sustainable crop production through biostimulants, biofertilizers and organic amendments: A mini review. Farm. Manage. 10: 75-84.
Layek, J., Das, A., Ghosh, A., Sarkar, D., Idapuganti, R., Boragohain, J., Yadav, G. and Lal, R. (2017). Foliar application of seaweed sap enhances growth, yield and quality of maize in Eastern Himalayas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci. 89: 1–9.
Mashamaite, C.V., Ngcobo, B. L., Manyevere, A., Bertling, I. and Fawole, O. A. (2022). Assessing the usefulness of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a biostimulant to supplement synthetic fertilizers: a review. Plants 11: doi:10.3390/plants11172214.
Parida, P. K., Somasundaram, E., Krishnan, R., Radhamani, S., Sivakumar, U., Parameswari, E., Raja, R., Rangasami, S. R. S., Sangeetha, S. P and Gangai Selvi, R. (2024). Unmanned aerial vehicle-measured multispectral vegetation indices for predicting LAI, SPAD chlorophyll, and yield of maize. Agriculture 14: doi:10.3390/agriculture14071110.
Pérez-Oñate, C. J., Nicolau, M. C. M., Broetto, F., Alves, C. J., Bettini, M. O., Ferreira, T. C., Bossolani, J. W., Montes de Oca, M., Heitmann, W., Moreno-Poveda, G.A., Villaseñor-Ortiz, D., da , L. C., Filho, S. G., Little, H., Maude, S. and Stadnik, M. J. (2026). Crop yield responses to seaweed extract based biostimulants depend on application strategy: a meta-analysis. Front. Plant Sci. 17: doi:10.3389/fpls.2026.1803269.
Ronga, D., Biazzi, E., Parati, K., Carminati, D., Carminati, E. and Tava, A. (2019). Microalgal biostimulants and biofertilisers in crop productions. Agronomy 9: doi:10.3390/agronomy9040192.
Rouphael, Y. and Colla, G. (2020). Biostimulants in agriculture. Front. Plant Sci. 11: doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00040.
Sagala, B. Y., Fahrurrozi, F., Sudjatmiko, S., Herison, C. and Widodo, W. (2026). Organic biostimulant from Sargassum polycystum promotes vegetative growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Agric. Technol. 22: 465–74.
Shivashankar, K., Potdar, M. P., Gawdiya, S., Biradar, D. P. and El Hendawy, S. (2025). SPAD dynamics in maize crop and its relationship with grain yield under precision nitrogen management. Sci. Rep. 15: doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05255-y.
Sujeeth, N., Petrov, V., Guinan, K. J., Rasul, F., O'Sullivan, J. T. and Gechev, T. S. (2022). Current insights into the molecular mode of action of seaweed based biostimulants and sustainability of seaweed as raw material resources. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23: doi:10.3390/ijms23147654.
Széles, A., Megyes, A. and Harsányi, E. (2023). Maize production under drought stress: nutrient supply, yield prediction. Plants 12: doi:10.3390/plants12183301.
Tinte, M. M., Masike, K., Steenkamp, P. A., Huyser, J., van der Hooft, J. J. J. and Tugizimana, F. (2022). Computational metabolomics tools reveal metabolic reconfigurations underlying the effects of biostimulant seaweed extracts on maize plants under drought stress conditions. Metabolites 12: doi:10.3390/metabo12060487.
Van Oosten, M. J., Pepe, O., De Pascale, S., Silletti, S. and Maggio, A. (2017). The role of biostimulants and bioeffectors as alleviators of abiotic stress in crop plants. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric. 4: doi:10.1186/s40538-017-0089-5.
Vilchez-Navarro, S., Morales-Pizarro, A., Morocho-Romero, H., Casas-Niño, S., Cárdenas Huamán, G., Velarde-Apaza, L. D. and Lozano-Isla, F. (2025). Biostimulant-induced enhancement of germination and early seedling growth in creole and hybrid purple maize (Zea mays L.). Res. Crop. 26: 444-57.
Yuniati, N., Kusumiyati, K., Mubarok, S. and Nurhadi, B. (2022). The role of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaf extract as a plant biostimulant in improving agricultural products. Plants 11: doi:10.3390/plants11172186.
Zhang, X., Schmidt, R. E., Ervin, E. and Doak, S. (2002). Creeping bentgrass physiological responses to natural plant growth regulators and iron under two regimes. HortSci. 37: 898–902.
