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Crop Research

Impact of thermal accumulation and foliar gibberellic acid application on the physiological traits and productivity of broad bean (Vicia faba L.)


DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2026.CR-1111    | Article Id: CR-1111 | Page : 296-302
Citation :- Impact of thermal accumulation and foliar gibberellic acid application on the physiological traits and productivity of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Crop Res. 61: 296-302
AMEER SADIQ OBAID AND RAZZAQ LIFTA ATTIYA obaidameer805@gmail.com
Address : Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
Submitted Date : 10-04-2026
Accepted Date : 9-05-2026
Online Published:

Abstract

Rising temperatures and climate variability are altering optimal sowing windows for broad bean, affecting growth, thermal accumulation, and yield stability. However, limited information exists on the combined effects of planting dates and gibberellic acid (GA₃) on growth dynamics and reduction of flower and ovary abscission, necessitating targeted investigation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in a field during a winter season of 2024-2025 at the Al-Mahnawiya demonstration farm, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq to gauge the performance of a Spanish broad bean (Vicia faba L.) variety LUZ DE OTON. The extension farm under Al-Mahnawiya was the location where the study was conducted, translated as the Babylon Training and Extension Center (latitude 32.61 N, longitude 44.30 E), and the type of soil is a silty clay loam. The experiment was conducted in the form of a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split-plot design with three replications. The objective of the study was to establish the impacts of accumulated heat and foliar spraying with gibberellic acid (GA3) on the growth and yield of the broad beans. The four planting dates were October 1st, and 15th, November 1 st and 15th, denoted N1 D1, N2 D2, and N3, respectively. The sub-plots were assigned to six concentrations of gibberellic acid: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L, symbolized as G0, G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5, respectively. At physiological maturity, yield components and parameters of vegetative growth were taken. The second sowing date (D2) showed a significant improvement in all growth and yield traits, particularly plant height (73.11 cm), leaf area (1164.87 cm²) and seed yield (3.132 t/ha). However, the first date (D1) had the highest GDD for emergence and flowering. As for hormonal applications, 250 mg/L GA₃ (G5) proved to be most optimal for most of the traits. The highest 100-seed weight and yield were obtained with D2G5 interaction, while the maximum GDD for 100% flowering was obtained with D1G0.

Keywords

Broad bean crop yield gibberellic acid legumes planting dates thermal collection

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