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Crop Research

Influence of insecticides and wheat cultivar resistance on feeding behaviour of Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) and virus transmission as assessed by electrical penetration graph (EPG) 


DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2026.CR-1110    | Article Id: CR-1110 | Page : 375-387
Citation :- Influence of insecticides and wheat cultivar resistance on feeding behaviour of Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) and virus transmission as assessed by electrical penetration graph (EPG). Crop Res. 61: 375-387
RANA SAMARA AND EKRIMA ABDELHADI r.samara@ptuk.edu.ps
Address : Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Palestine Technical University, Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Yafa Street, Palestinian Territories
Submitted Date : 5-04-2026
Accepted Date : 22-05-2026
Online Published:

Abstract

The effect of four insecticides on aphid feeding and the transmission of different viruses on five wheat cultivars was evaluated and monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG). Results indicated that the insecticide reduced the feeding behavior of aphids and limited their ability to transmit viruses. Esfenvalerate (Esfen), λ-Cyhalothrin (LCT), and Imidacloprid (IMI) showed a high ability to delay Pd, which could prevent the transmission of non-persistent (NP) viruses. At the same time, LCT and IMI efficiently delayed E1 salivation, thus preventing the transmission of semi-persistent (SP) and persistent (P) viruses. Five wheat cultivars were evaluated for resistance to aphid feeding and virus transmission. Several EPG parameters were used to help understand the interaction between the host plants and aphids, including changes in the aphid feeding patterns. All wheat cultivars prevented aphid intercellular penetration and thus could prevent NP virus transmission. Nab Al-Jamal (NAJ), Mike (MK), and Black Heteih (BH) could prevent the transmission of S-P viruses, and MK was the only cultivar that could prevent the transmission of all viruses. At the same time, the qualitative resistance of wheat cultivars was also measured by the changes in the concentration of the antioxidant enzymes (polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX)) due to aphid feeding. BH cultivar activated the qualitative defense response by upregulating PPO and POX enzymes in response to feeding aphids after 24 and 48 hours. On the other hand, the doubling rate of gene expression of genes related to the jasmonic acid pathway (LOX and AOS) as a defensive response to aphid feedingmeasured the quantitative resistance of wheat cultivars. Results showed that BH and White Heteih (WH) wheat cultivars resisted aphid attack by significantly increasing the concentration of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of LOX and AOS genes up to 7 times higher than before infestation with aphids.

Keywords

Electronic penetration graph Diuraphis noxia; systemic insecticides; plant virus transmission; feeding behaviour PPO POX 

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