Loading...

Impact of site-specific nutrient management and bio-stimulants on growth and productivity of summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)


Citation :- Impact of site-specific nutrient management and bio-stimulants on growth and productivity of summer rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Res. 61: 232-238
ARAJAPU ANUHYA, MASINA SAIRAM, SUMIT RAY, SAGAR LALICHETTI, BISRUTI MAITY, PANUGANTI SWARAJ KUMAR AND SAGAR MAITRA sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in
Address : Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India
Submitted Date : 25-03-2026
Accepted Date : 14-04-2026

Abstract

Rice is a major staple crop supporting global food security; however, its productivity during the summer season is often constrained by suboptimal nutrient management and environmental stresses. To address this, a field experiment was conducted during the summer of 2025-26 at the P. G. Research Farm. Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India, to evaluate the influence of Rice Crop Manager-based Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) and bio-stimulants on the growth and productivity of rice. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomised Block Design with four nutrient management treatments: 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (120:60:60, N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha), 125% RDF, SSNM at a target yield of 5 t/ha, and SSNM at 6 t/ha and three bio-stimulants (plant extract-based amino acids @ 2 ml/L, seaweed extract @ 2 ml/L, and humic acid  @ 25 kg/ha soil application + foliar spray of fulvic acid @ 2 ml/L)), which were replicated thrice. The results revealed that growth attributes at harvest, such as plant height (138 cm), dry matter accumulation (DMA) (1251 g/m²), number of tillers (323/m²) and leaf area index at 50 DAT (4.79) were significantly higher under 125% RDF, remaining statistically at par with SSNM with targeted at 6 t/ha in most cases. Similarly, yield attributes, including productive tillers, spikelets/ panicle, filled spikelets, panicle length, and test weight, were enhanced under 125% RDF. The highest grain (5674 kg/ha), straw (7021 kg/ha), and biological yields (12696 kg/ha) of summer rice were recorded under 125% RDF, remaining statistically comparable with SSNM at a target yield of 6 t/ha. The combined application of humic acid and fulvic acid yielded superior growth attributes and a comparable yield to amino acid application, remaining statistically similar. The study indicated that 125% RDF and SSNM (6 t/ha target) enhanced summer rice productivity with humic and fulvic substances.

Keywords

Fulvic acid humic acid Rice Crop Manager seaweed extract SSNM yield 

References

Adhikari, S., Pokharel, S., K. S. and Poudel, K. (2020). Site-specific nutrient management in spring rice using modeling approach in Kechanakawal Jhapa, Nepal. Acad. J. Agric. Res. 8: 72–81.
Ansari, T., Agrawal, S. B., Tekam, Y., Kumhare, A., Masram, M., Kumbhare, R. and Kumar, K. (2023). Effect of different doses and stages of biostimulant application on yield of transplanted rice. Pharma Innov. 12: 494–503.
Bandumula, N. (2018). Rice production in Asia: key to global food security. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci. 88: 1323–28. doi:10.1007/s40011-017-0867-7.
Chukwuma, N. C. (2025). Comparative analysis of resource-use efficiency among rice producing household beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Fadama III AF project in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Farm. Manage. 10: 85-95.
Durgude, S. A., Ram, S., Kumar, R., Singh, S. V., Singh, V., Durgude, A. G., Pramanick, B., Maitra, S., Gaber, A. and Hossain, A. (2022). Synthesis of mesoporous silica and graphene‐based FeO and ZnO nanocomposites for nutritional biofortification and sustained the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Nanomater. 2022: doi:10.1155/2022/5120307.
Eliazer-Nelson, A. R. L., Ravichandran, K. and Antony, U. (2019). The impact of the Green Revolution on indigenous crops of India. J. Ethnic Foods 6: 1–10. doi:10.1186/s42779-019-0011-9.
Fathima, F., Suma, R., Asha, N. N., Ananthakumar, M. A. and Keshavaiah, K. V. (2024). Exploiting biostimulants and micronutrients for optimal rice yield in sodic soil: A strategic approach to salt stress resilience. Plant Arch. 24: 768–74. doi:10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2024.v24.no.1.105.
GoI (2026). Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture. All India estimates of area, production and yield of food grains, UPAg. Available at: https://upag.gov.in/dash-reports/fiveyearapy (accessed March 20, 2026).
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Hugar, A. Y., Prashant, Chethan, G. S. and Shruthi, S. H. (2025). Effect of different biostimulants on nutrient uptake and yield of rice. Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res. 9: 175–80. doi:10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i4c.4068.
Keerthi, A. K., Rajakumar, G., Jagadeesh, B., Priya, P. and Diwan, J. (2025). Optimizing productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) through site specific nutrient management. J. Farm Sci. 38: 48–51. doi:10.61475/JFS.2025.v38i1.09.
Maitra, S., Santosh, D. T., Jena, J., Behera, S. D., Ray, S., Sairam, M., Palai, J. B., Gaikwad, D. J., Rishitha, S., Gitari, H. I., Atapattu, A. J. and Hossain, A. (2026). Understanding plant responses to abiotic stress through systems biology. In: Systems Biology in Crop Improvement: Emerging Tools and Technologies (Ed. Aftab, T.). Academic Press, pp: 59–99. doi:10.1016/B978-0-443-36457-0.00011-0.
Martínez-Lorente, S. E., Martí-Guillén, J. M., Pedreño, M. Á., Almagro, L. and Sabater-Jara, A. B. (2024). Higher plant-derived biostimulants: Mechanisms of action and their role in mitigating plant abiotic stress. Antioxidants 13: doi:10.3390/antiox13030318.
Midya, A., Saren, B. K., Dey, J. K., Maitra, S., Praharaj, S., Gaikwad, D. J., Gaber, A., Alsanie, W. F. and Hossain, A. (2021). Crop establishment methods and integrated nutrient management improve: Part I. crop performance, water productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the lower Indo-Gangetic plain, India. Agron. 11: doi:10.3390/agronomy11091860.
Paramesha, V., Kumar, P., Prabhakar, M., Gopinath, K. A., Ravisankar, N., Kumar, R. M. and Bhattacharjee, S. (2025). Assessing the impact of nutrient management on productivity, economics, soil quality, energy efficiency and life cycle assessment in rice-based farming systems. J. Agric. Food Res. 23: doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102278.
Ray, S., Maitra, S., Masina, S. and Maity, B. (2025a). Effect of precision nitrogen management and plant stimulants on the growth and yield in a rabi maize–summer groundnut cropping system. Crop Res. 60: 299–307. doi:10.31830/2454-1761.2025.CR-1047.  
Ray, S., Maitra, S., Sairam, M., Sameer, S., Sagar, L., Divya, B. S. and Gitari, H. I. (2025b). The nexus between intercropping systems, ecosystem services and sustainable agriculture: A review. Res. Crop. 26: 1–11. doi:10.31830/2348-7542.2025.ROC-1166.  
Ray, S., Maitra, S., Sairam, M., Sravya, M., Priyadarshini, A., Shubhadarshi, S. and Padhi, D. P. (2024). An unravelled potential of foliar application of micro and beneficial nutrients in cereals for ensuring food and nutritional security. Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev. 41(Spl.): 19–42. doi:10.52756/ ijerr.2024.v41spl.003.
Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Mahdavikia, H., Alipour, H., Dolatabadian, A., Battaglia, M. L., Maitra, S. and Harrison, M. T. (2023). Biostimulants alleviate water deficit stress and enhance essential oil productivity: a case study with savory. Sci. Rep. 13: doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27338-w.
Sagar, L., Maitra, S., Singh, S. and Sairam, M. (2023a). Influence of precision nutrient management on dry matter accumulation and partitioning of rice in Southern Odisha. Agric. Sci. Digest 43: 767–75. doi:10.18805/ag.D-5822.
Sagar, L., Maitra, S., Singh, S. and Sairam, M. (2023b). Impact of precision nutrient management on rice growth and productivity in southern Odisha. Agric. Sci. Digest 43: 812–16. doi:10.18805/ag.D-5824.
Sagar, L., Maitra, S., Singh, S., Sairam, M. and Pavan, A. (2024). Evaluation of nutrient levels, optical sensors and decision support tools for nitrogen optimization in rice during dry season. Agric. Sci. Digest 44: 651–56. doi:10.18805/ag.D-5913.
Sairam, M., Maitra, S., Sagar, L., Biswas, T., Bárek, V., Brestic, M. and Hossain, A. (2025). Application of precision nutrient tools for optimization of fertilizer requirements and assessment of growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) in northeastern Ghat of India. J. Agric. Food Res. 21: doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101958.
Sairam, M., Maitra, S., Sain, S., Gaikwad, D. J. and Sagar, L. (2024). Dry matter accumulation and physiological growth parameters of maize as influenced by different nutrient management practices. Agric. Sci. Digest 44: 219–25. doi:10.18805/ag.D-5835.
Santosh, D. T., Debnath, S., Maitra, S., Sairam, M., Sagar, L. L., Hossain, A. and Moulick, D. (2024). Alleviation of climate catastrophe in agriculture through adoption of climate-smart technologies. In Climate Crisis: Adaptive Approaches and Sustainability (Eds; Chatterjee, U., Shaw, R., Kumar, S., Raj, A. D. and Das, S.) Springer Nature Switzerland. pp: 307–32. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44397-8_17.
Sharma, S., Rout, K. K., Khanda, C. M., Tripathi, R., Shahid, M., Nayak, A. and Buresh, R. J. (2019). Field-specific nutrient management using Rice Crop Manager decision support tool in Odisha, India. Field Crop Res. 241: doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107578.
Sridevi, V., Chellamuthu, V., Kumar, R. M. and Pazhanisamy, S. (2023). Effect of sea weed extract as liquid biostimulant on the productivity and profitability of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa). Pharma Innov. 12: 2209–11.
Tavu, L. E. J. and Redillas, M. C. F. R. (2025). Oxidative stress in rice (Oryza sativa): mechanisms, impact and adaptive strategies. Plants 14: doi:10.3390/plants14101463.
Venkata Naveen, P., Maitra, S., Chhetri, P., Sairam, M., Dash, B. and Ray, S. (2026). Effect of bio-stimulant and nitrogen levels on growth and productivity of kharif rice. Plant Sci. Today. 13: 1-6. doi:10.14719/pst.10681.
Yimer, A. H. and Tarnawa, A. (2025). Advancing nutrient management strategies for sustainable crop productivity in a changing climate: a systematic review. Sci. World J. 2025doi:10.1155/ tswj/7101060.
 
 
 
 

Global Footprints