Chinnappa, S. A., Krishnamurthy, D., Ajayakumar, M. Y., Ramesha, Y. M. and Ravi, S. (2023). Effect of nano fertiliser on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and soil microbiology of Kharif sorghum. Int. J. Environ. Clim. Chang. 13: 2339–48.
FAO (2024). Value chain analysis of wheat and rice in Uttar Pradesh. Agricultural Organization, New Delhi, India. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/at314e
Fukagawa, N. K. and Ziska, L. H. (2019). Rice: Importance for global nutrition. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 65(Suppl.): doi:10.3177/jnsv.65.S2.
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 680.
Gondwal, P., Rana, M. K., Dhankar, A., Sahil. and Mohan, J. (2024). Role of nano-urea in optimizing nitrogen use efficiency, yield and quality of rice: A review. Int. J. Res. Agron. 7: 182-87. doi:10.33545/2618060X.2024.v7.i10Sc.1724.
Govindasamy, P., Muthusamy, S. K., Bagavathiannan, M., Mowrer, J., Jagannadham, P. T. K., Maity, A., Halli, H. M., Sujayananad, G. K., Vadivel, R., Das, T. K., Raj, R., Pooniya, V., Babu, S., Rathore, S. S., Muralikrishnan, L. and Tiwari, G. (2023). Nitrogen use efficiency—a key to enhance crop productivity and environmental sustainability. Front. Plant Sci. 14: doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1121073.
Gupta, A., Rayeen, F., Mishra, R., Tripathi, M. and Pathak, N. (2023). Nanotechnology applications in sustainable agriculture: An emerging eco-friendly approach. Plant Nano Biol. 4: doi:10.1016/j.plana.2023.100033.
Gupta, N., Jain, S. K., Tomar, B. S., Anand, A., Singh, J., Sagar, V., Kumar, R., Singh, V., Chaubey, T., Abd-Elsalam, K. A. and Singh, A. K. (2022). Impact of foliar application of ZnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on seed yield and physio-biochemical parameter of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed under open field and protected environment vis a vis during seed germination. Plants 11: doi:10.3390/plants11233211.
Hameed, H. S., Nagaraju, V., Marimuthu, S., Balakrishnan, M., Raviraj, A. and Ambrose, K. (2024). A review on nano enabled controlled release fertiliser and their nutrient release mechanisms. J. Agric. Eng. 61: 722–33. doi:10.52151/jae2024615.1881.
Hashim, N., Lee, C., Kumar, R., Hassan, M. and Chen, Q. (2024). Smart farming for sustainable rice production: An insight. Int. J. Smart Agric. 18: 87-99. doi:10.1016/j.INRci. 2023.08.004.
Infomerics (2023). India accounts for approximately 26 per cent of global rice production. Infomerics Valuation and Rating Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India. pp: 1-10.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. pp.498.
John, R., Bollinedi, H., Jeyaseelan, C., Padhi, S. R., Sajwan, N., Nath, D., Singh, R., Ahlawat, S. P., Bhardwaj, R. and Rana, J. C. (2023). Mining nutri-dense accessions from rice landraces of Assam, India. Heliyon 9: doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17524.
Kumar, Y., Singh, T., Raliya, R. and Tiwari, K. N. (2021). Nano fertiliser for sustainable crop production, higher nutrient use efficiency and enhanced profitability. Indian J. Fert. 17: 1206-14.
Li, Y., Li, J., Gao, L., and Tian, Y. (2018). Irrigation has more influence than fertilization on leaching water quality and the potential environmental risk in excessively fertilized vegetable soils. PLoS ONE 13: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204570.
Magubika, A. J., Nkosi, M., Patel, D., Wong, S. and Tan, L. (2025). Analysing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production trends—area, yield, and food security implications. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 45: 109-22. doi:10.1007/s44279-025-00204-9.
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer' Welfare (2024). Final estimates of production of major agricultural crops for the year 2023-24. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
Reddy, K. S., Shivay, Y. S., Kumar, D., Pooniya, V., Prasanna, R., Mandi, S., Nayak, S., Baral, K., Alekhya, G. and Borate, R. B. (2024). Relative performance of granulated and nano urea on productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat–rice sequence. Plant Nano Biol. 11: doi:10.1016/j.plana.2024.100131.
Rice News Today (2025). Top five rice producing states in India 2025. Rice News Today, Manila, Philippines.
Saurabh, K., Dubey, A. K., Ghosh, S. and Kumari, A. (2024). Enhancing sustainability in agriculture with nanofertiliser. Discov. Appl. Sci. 5: 149-60. doi:10.1007/s42452-024-06267-5.
Shrestha, J. (2020). Role of nutrients in rice (Oryza sativa L.): A review. Agrica 9: 53–62.
Statista (2022). Fertilizer consumption in India in 2021, by type (in million metric tons). Statista Research Department, Hamburg, Germany.
Statista (2024). Area of cultivation for rice in India during 2014-2024. Statista Research Department, Hamburg, Germany.
Subbiah, B. V. and Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci. 25: 259-260.
Thakur, D., Kumar, N., Manuja, S., Sharma, G. D. and Saqib, A. (2025). Effect of foliar spray of nano DAP on growth indices and grain yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Himachal J. Agric. Res. 50: 284–90.
Tiwari, S., Patel, A., Yadav, V., Khandelwal, A., Singh, R. P., Arya, D., Lavaniya, S., Meena, N., Kumar, A., Pandey, N. and Prasad, S. M. (2025). Nanotechnology in agriculture: enhancing crop productivity and addressing toxicity in plants and algae. Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 10: doi:10.1007/s41204-025-00428-6.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2020). Rice 2020 export highlights. Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, DC, USA.
Walkley, A. J. and Black, I. A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.
Wang, L., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Gupta, R. and Smith, J. (2025). Insights into the environmental–economic sustainability of rice. J. Clean. Prod. 312: 1-13. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526 (25)00554-4.
Zhang, H., Xu, Y. and Hwangbo, H. (2024). Multifaceted impacts of nanoparticles on plant nutrient uptake and rhizosphere microbiota. Front. Plant Sci. 15: doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1497006.
FAO (2024). Value chain analysis of wheat and rice in Uttar Pradesh. Agricultural Organization, New Delhi, India. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/at314e
Fukagawa, N. K. and Ziska, L. H. (2019). Rice: Importance for global nutrition. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 65(Suppl.): doi:10.3177/jnsv.65.S2.
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 680.
Gondwal, P., Rana, M. K., Dhankar, A., Sahil. and Mohan, J. (2024). Role of nano-urea in optimizing nitrogen use efficiency, yield and quality of rice: A review. Int. J. Res. Agron. 7: 182-87. doi:10.33545/2618060X.2024.v7.i10Sc.1724.
Govindasamy, P., Muthusamy, S. K., Bagavathiannan, M., Mowrer, J., Jagannadham, P. T. K., Maity, A., Halli, H. M., Sujayananad, G. K., Vadivel, R., Das, T. K., Raj, R., Pooniya, V., Babu, S., Rathore, S. S., Muralikrishnan, L. and Tiwari, G. (2023). Nitrogen use efficiency—a key to enhance crop productivity and environmental sustainability. Front. Plant Sci. 14: doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1121073.
Gupta, A., Rayeen, F., Mishra, R., Tripathi, M. and Pathak, N. (2023). Nanotechnology applications in sustainable agriculture: An emerging eco-friendly approach. Plant Nano Biol. 4: doi:10.1016/j.plana.2023.100033.
Gupta, N., Jain, S. K., Tomar, B. S., Anand, A., Singh, J., Sagar, V., Kumar, R., Singh, V., Chaubey, T., Abd-Elsalam, K. A. and Singh, A. K. (2022). Impact of foliar application of ZnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on seed yield and physio-biochemical parameter of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed under open field and protected environment vis a vis during seed germination. Plants 11: doi:10.3390/plants11233211.
Hameed, H. S., Nagaraju, V., Marimuthu, S., Balakrishnan, M., Raviraj, A. and Ambrose, K. (2024). A review on nano enabled controlled release fertiliser and their nutrient release mechanisms. J. Agric. Eng. 61: 722–33. doi:10.52151/jae2024615.1881.
Hashim, N., Lee, C., Kumar, R., Hassan, M. and Chen, Q. (2024). Smart farming for sustainable rice production: An insight. Int. J. Smart Agric. 18: 87-99. doi:10.1016/j.INRci. 2023.08.004.
Infomerics (2023). India accounts for approximately 26 per cent of global rice production. Infomerics Valuation and Rating Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India. pp: 1-10.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. pp.498.
John, R., Bollinedi, H., Jeyaseelan, C., Padhi, S. R., Sajwan, N., Nath, D., Singh, R., Ahlawat, S. P., Bhardwaj, R. and Rana, J. C. (2023). Mining nutri-dense accessions from rice landraces of Assam, India. Heliyon 9: doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17524.
Kumar, Y., Singh, T., Raliya, R. and Tiwari, K. N. (2021). Nano fertiliser for sustainable crop production, higher nutrient use efficiency and enhanced profitability. Indian J. Fert. 17: 1206-14.
Li, Y., Li, J., Gao, L., and Tian, Y. (2018). Irrigation has more influence than fertilization on leaching water quality and the potential environmental risk in excessively fertilized vegetable soils. PLoS ONE 13: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204570.
Magubika, A. J., Nkosi, M., Patel, D., Wong, S. and Tan, L. (2025). Analysing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production trends—area, yield, and food security implications. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 45: 109-22. doi:10.1007/s44279-025-00204-9.
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer' Welfare (2024). Final estimates of production of major agricultural crops for the year 2023-24. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
Reddy, K. S., Shivay, Y. S., Kumar, D., Pooniya, V., Prasanna, R., Mandi, S., Nayak, S., Baral, K., Alekhya, G. and Borate, R. B. (2024). Relative performance of granulated and nano urea on productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat–rice sequence. Plant Nano Biol. 11: doi:10.1016/j.plana.2024.100131.
Rice News Today (2025). Top five rice producing states in India 2025. Rice News Today, Manila, Philippines.
Saurabh, K., Dubey, A. K., Ghosh, S. and Kumari, A. (2024). Enhancing sustainability in agriculture with nanofertiliser. Discov. Appl. Sci. 5: 149-60. doi:10.1007/s42452-024-06267-5.
Shrestha, J. (2020). Role of nutrients in rice (Oryza sativa L.): A review. Agrica 9: 53–62.
Statista (2022). Fertilizer consumption in India in 2021, by type (in million metric tons). Statista Research Department, Hamburg, Germany.
Statista (2024). Area of cultivation for rice in India during 2014-2024. Statista Research Department, Hamburg, Germany.
Subbiah, B. V. and Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci. 25: 259-260.
Thakur, D., Kumar, N., Manuja, S., Sharma, G. D. and Saqib, A. (2025). Effect of foliar spray of nano DAP on growth indices and grain yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Himachal J. Agric. Res. 50: 284–90.
Tiwari, S., Patel, A., Yadav, V., Khandelwal, A., Singh, R. P., Arya, D., Lavaniya, S., Meena, N., Kumar, A., Pandey, N. and Prasad, S. M. (2025). Nanotechnology in agriculture: enhancing crop productivity and addressing toxicity in plants and algae. Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 10: doi:10.1007/s41204-025-00428-6.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2020). Rice 2020 export highlights. Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, DC, USA.
Walkley, A. J. and Black, I. A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.
Wang, L., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Gupta, R. and Smith, J. (2025). Insights into the environmental–economic sustainability of rice. J. Clean. Prod. 312: 1-13. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526 (25)00554-4.
Zhang, H., Xu, Y. and Hwangbo, H. (2024). Multifaceted impacts of nanoparticles on plant nutrient uptake and rhizosphere microbiota. Front. Plant Sci. 15: doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1497006.
