Apostol, M. E., Smith, J. B. and Lee, C. Y. (2022). Tracing the element: the molecular bases of molybdenum homeostasis in legumes. Agron. 13: doi:10.3390/agronomy13092300.
Aslani, M. and Souri, M. K. (2018). Growth and quality of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under foliar application of organic-chelate fertilizers. Open Agric. 3: 146-54. doi:10.1515/opag-2018-0015.
Basavarajappa, R., Salakinkop, S. R., Hebbar, M., Basavarajappa, M. P. and Patil, H. Y. (2013). Influence of foliar nutrition on performance of black gram (Vigna mungo L.), nutrient uptake and economics under dry land ecosystems. Legume Res. 36: 422-28.
Dass, A., Rajanna, G. A., Babu, S., Lal, S. K., Choudhary, A. K., Singh, R., Rathore, S. S., Kaur, R., Dhar, S., Singh, T., Raj, R., Shekhawat, K., Singh, C. and Kumar, B. (2022). Foliar application of macro- and micronutrients improves the productivity, economic returns, and resource-use efficiency of soybean in a semiarid climate. Sustainability 14: doi:10.3390/su14105825.
DES (2023). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2023. Government of India. Retrieved from https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/
Dixit, P. M. and Elamathi, S. (2007). Effect of foliar application of DAP, micronutrients and NAA on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). Legume Res. 30: 305–07.
Fernández, V., Gil‐Pelegrín, E. and Eichert, T. (2021). Foliar water and solute absorption: An update. Plant J. 105: 870-83. doi:10.1111/tpj.15090.
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (2010). Statistical procedures for agricultural research, 2nd Edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp: 680.
Jangir, C. K., Singh, D. P., Meena, R. H. and Yadav, M. (2017). Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizers on physical and chemical properties of soil under blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 6: 223-28. doi:10.20546/ijcmas. 2017.603.023.
Kachave, T. and Kausadikar, H. (2018). Impacts of foliar application of speciality fertilizers on nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.). Int. J. Chem. Stud. 6: 1699–702.
Kalpana, R. and Krishnarajan, J. (2003). Effects of combined application of nutrients and hormones on soybean yield. Legume Res. 26: 151–52.
Karthikeyan, A., Vanathi, J., Babu, S. and Ravikumar, C. (2020). Studies on the effect of foliar application of organic and inorganic nutrients on the phenotypic enhancement of black gram cv. Vamban-6. Plant Arch. 20: 1161–64.
Kumar, D., Singh, R. P., Somasundaram, J., Simaiya, V. and Jamra, S. (2018). Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and development of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) under rainfed vertisols of Central India. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 6: 609–13.
Kumar, S., Karada, M. S., Paudel, J. and Singh, U. P. (2020). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur on the performance of blackgram (vigna mungo L.) under custard apple (annona squamosa L.) based agri-horti system. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 3339–45. doi:10. 20546/ijcmas.2020.905.397.
Lakshmi, K. V., Sree, S. P., Lakshmi, N. V., Vani, P. M. and Chandrasekhar, K. (2018). Effects of irrigation and foliar nutrition on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 7: 2425–32. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.288.
Lal, R. (2017). Improving soil health and human protein nutrition by pulses-based cropping systems. In: Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 145) (Ed. Sparks, D. L.). Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp: 167–204. doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2017.05.003.
Lavanya, K. J. and Das, M. J. (2021). Estimation of genetic variability and character association for yield characters in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 10: 836–47. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.099.
Mandre, B. K., Singh, R. P., Dubey, M., Waskle, U. and Birla, V. (2020). Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield attributing characters of black gram. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 419–28. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.052.
McDermott, J. and Wyatt, A. J. (2017). The role of pulses in sustainable and healthy food systems. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1392: 30–42. doi:10.1111/nyas.13319.
Pal, V., Singh, G. and Dhaliwal, S. S. (2019). Yield enhancement and biofortification of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grain with iron and zinc through foliar application of ferrous sulfate and urea. J. Plant Nutr. 42: 1789–802. doi:10.1080/01904167. 2019.1648675.
Prakash, S., Raman, R., Krishnamoorthy, R. and Balaji, E. (2022). Effect of organic foliar nutrition on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Crop Res. 57: 249-52.
R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R: Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at: https://www.R-project.org/
Radhikaben, N. P. and Bala, M. (2020). Correlation studies for yield and its components in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 1441–47. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.183.
Rani, M., Dit, P., Rathod, S. P., Dodamani, B. M., Patil, D. H. and Patil, R. P. (2020). Effect of irrigation levels and cropping systems on quality parameters and economics of pigeonpea. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 2244–53. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020. 902.254.
Ruiz-Navarro, A., Fernández, V., Abadía, J., Abadía, A., Querejeta, J. I., Albaladejo, J. and Barberá, G. G. (2019). Foliar fertilization of two dominant species in a semiarid ecosystem improves their eco-physiological status and the use efficiency of a water pulse. Environ. Exp. Bot. 167: doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103854.
Sabarivasan, R. (2025). Revitalising black gram agriculture: A comprehensive review of foliar nutrient strategies for enhanced yield. Farm. Manage. 10: 1-10.
Saliha, B. B., Priyanka, C. and Indrani, R. (2020). Evaluating the nutrient assimilation and nutrient ratios of pulse crops in various yield zones. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 8: 803–06. doi:10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6l.10867.
Selvi, G. A., Tamilselvan, N., Avudaithai, S. and Nithila, S. (2022). Effect of soil application and foliar spray of sulphur nutrition on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. 34: 317–27. doi:10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2231382.
Singh, S. P. (2017). Effect of micronutrients on nodulation, growth, yield and nutrient uptake in black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Ann. Plant Soil Res. 19: 66–70.
Sivakumar, C., Karthikeyan, K. and Pandiyan, M. (2020). Influence of foliar nutrition on seed setting percentage, yield and economics of red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.) under irrigated condition. J. Adv. Biol. Biotechnol. 22: 1–9. doi:10.9734/jabb/2019/v22i430125.
Velmurugan, A. and Mahendran, P. P. (2015). Effect of molybdenum on growth and yield of green gram in Southern Tamil Nadu. Legume Res. 38: 454–57. doi:10.5958/0976-0571.2015.00075.6.
Verma, A. K., Singh, A. K., Singh, A., Kaushik, S., Singh, D., Yadav, V. and Singh, A. (2025). Effect of biofertilizers and variable nutrient sources on physico-chemical properties of soil and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Res. Crop. 26: 260-67.
Wajid, G. A., Jahnavi, K., Chaurasia, A. K., Reddy, N. B. and Naidu, B. P. R. (2021). Effect of different organic and inorganic seed priming method on growth, yield and quality parameters of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 10: 280–86. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.034.
Yadav, S. L., Baldev Ram, G. N. Yadav, S. D. Samota, Rajendra Kumar Yadav, R. K. Yadav, Devideen Yadav, Ajay Kumar, Khajan Singh and Uditi Dhakad (2023). Effect of fertility levels and foliar nutrition in fieldpea (Pisum sativum) under south - eastern Rajasthan”. Ind. J. Agron. 68: 188-93. doi:10.59797/ija.v68i2.353.
Aslani, M. and Souri, M. K. (2018). Growth and quality of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under foliar application of organic-chelate fertilizers. Open Agric. 3: 146-54. doi:10.1515/opag-2018-0015.
Basavarajappa, R., Salakinkop, S. R., Hebbar, M., Basavarajappa, M. P. and Patil, H. Y. (2013). Influence of foliar nutrition on performance of black gram (Vigna mungo L.), nutrient uptake and economics under dry land ecosystems. Legume Res. 36: 422-28.
Dass, A., Rajanna, G. A., Babu, S., Lal, S. K., Choudhary, A. K., Singh, R., Rathore, S. S., Kaur, R., Dhar, S., Singh, T., Raj, R., Shekhawat, K., Singh, C. and Kumar, B. (2022). Foliar application of macro- and micronutrients improves the productivity, economic returns, and resource-use efficiency of soybean in a semiarid climate. Sustainability 14: doi:10.3390/su14105825.
DES (2023). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2023. Government of India. Retrieved from https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/
Dixit, P. M. and Elamathi, S. (2007). Effect of foliar application of DAP, micronutrients and NAA on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). Legume Res. 30: 305–07.
Fernández, V., Gil‐Pelegrín, E. and Eichert, T. (2021). Foliar water and solute absorption: An update. Plant J. 105: 870-83. doi:10.1111/tpj.15090.
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (2010). Statistical procedures for agricultural research, 2nd Edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp: 680.
Jangir, C. K., Singh, D. P., Meena, R. H. and Yadav, M. (2017). Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizers on physical and chemical properties of soil under blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 6: 223-28. doi:10.20546/ijcmas. 2017.603.023.
Kachave, T. and Kausadikar, H. (2018). Impacts of foliar application of speciality fertilizers on nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.). Int. J. Chem. Stud. 6: 1699–702.
Kalpana, R. and Krishnarajan, J. (2003). Effects of combined application of nutrients and hormones on soybean yield. Legume Res. 26: 151–52.
Karthikeyan, A., Vanathi, J., Babu, S. and Ravikumar, C. (2020). Studies on the effect of foliar application of organic and inorganic nutrients on the phenotypic enhancement of black gram cv. Vamban-6. Plant Arch. 20: 1161–64.
Kumar, D., Singh, R. P., Somasundaram, J., Simaiya, V. and Jamra, S. (2018). Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and development of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) under rainfed vertisols of Central India. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 6: 609–13.
Kumar, S., Karada, M. S., Paudel, J. and Singh, U. P. (2020). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur on the performance of blackgram (vigna mungo L.) under custard apple (annona squamosa L.) based agri-horti system. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 3339–45. doi:10. 20546/ijcmas.2020.905.397.
Lakshmi, K. V., Sree, S. P., Lakshmi, N. V., Vani, P. M. and Chandrasekhar, K. (2018). Effects of irrigation and foliar nutrition on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 7: 2425–32. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.288.
Lal, R. (2017). Improving soil health and human protein nutrition by pulses-based cropping systems. In: Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 145) (Ed. Sparks, D. L.). Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp: 167–204. doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2017.05.003.
Lavanya, K. J. and Das, M. J. (2021). Estimation of genetic variability and character association for yield characters in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 10: 836–47. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.099.
Mandre, B. K., Singh, R. P., Dubey, M., Waskle, U. and Birla, V. (2020). Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield attributing characters of black gram. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 419–28. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.052.
McDermott, J. and Wyatt, A. J. (2017). The role of pulses in sustainable and healthy food systems. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1392: 30–42. doi:10.1111/nyas.13319.
Pal, V., Singh, G. and Dhaliwal, S. S. (2019). Yield enhancement and biofortification of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grain with iron and zinc through foliar application of ferrous sulfate and urea. J. Plant Nutr. 42: 1789–802. doi:10.1080/01904167. 2019.1648675.
Prakash, S., Raman, R., Krishnamoorthy, R. and Balaji, E. (2022). Effect of organic foliar nutrition on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Crop Res. 57: 249-52.
R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R: Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at: https://www.R-project.org/
Radhikaben, N. P. and Bala, M. (2020). Correlation studies for yield and its components in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 1441–47. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.183.
Rani, M., Dit, P., Rathod, S. P., Dodamani, B. M., Patil, D. H. and Patil, R. P. (2020). Effect of irrigation levels and cropping systems on quality parameters and economics of pigeonpea. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9: 2244–53. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020. 902.254.
Ruiz-Navarro, A., Fernández, V., Abadía, J., Abadía, A., Querejeta, J. I., Albaladejo, J. and Barberá, G. G. (2019). Foliar fertilization of two dominant species in a semiarid ecosystem improves their eco-physiological status and the use efficiency of a water pulse. Environ. Exp. Bot. 167: doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103854.
Sabarivasan, R. (2025). Revitalising black gram agriculture: A comprehensive review of foliar nutrient strategies for enhanced yield. Farm. Manage. 10: 1-10.
Saliha, B. B., Priyanka, C. and Indrani, R. (2020). Evaluating the nutrient assimilation and nutrient ratios of pulse crops in various yield zones. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 8: 803–06. doi:10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6l.10867.
Selvi, G. A., Tamilselvan, N., Avudaithai, S. and Nithila, S. (2022). Effect of soil application and foliar spray of sulphur nutrition on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. 34: 317–27. doi:10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2231382.
Singh, S. P. (2017). Effect of micronutrients on nodulation, growth, yield and nutrient uptake in black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Ann. Plant Soil Res. 19: 66–70.
Sivakumar, C., Karthikeyan, K. and Pandiyan, M. (2020). Influence of foliar nutrition on seed setting percentage, yield and economics of red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.) under irrigated condition. J. Adv. Biol. Biotechnol. 22: 1–9. doi:10.9734/jabb/2019/v22i430125.
Velmurugan, A. and Mahendran, P. P. (2015). Effect of molybdenum on growth and yield of green gram in Southern Tamil Nadu. Legume Res. 38: 454–57. doi:10.5958/0976-0571.2015.00075.6.
Verma, A. K., Singh, A. K., Singh, A., Kaushik, S., Singh, D., Yadav, V. and Singh, A. (2025). Effect of biofertilizers and variable nutrient sources on physico-chemical properties of soil and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Res. Crop. 26: 260-67.
Wajid, G. A., Jahnavi, K., Chaurasia, A. K., Reddy, N. B. and Naidu, B. P. R. (2021). Effect of different organic and inorganic seed priming method on growth, yield and quality parameters of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 10: 280–86. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.034.
Yadav, S. L., Baldev Ram, G. N. Yadav, S. D. Samota, Rajendra Kumar Yadav, R. K. Yadav, Devideen Yadav, Ajay Kumar, Khajan Singh and Uditi Dhakad (2023). Effect of fertility levels and foliar nutrition in fieldpea (Pisum sativum) under south - eastern Rajasthan”. Ind. J. Agron. 68: 188-93. doi:10.59797/ija.v68i2.353.
