Aziez, A. F., Wiyono, D. and Wulandari, D. R. (2022). Evaluating diazotrophic endophytic bacteria consortium on the physiology of various varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) in rainfed lowlands. Res. Crop. 23: 737-44.
Bandumula, N. (2017). Rice production in Asia: key to global food security. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences 88: 1323-28. doi:10.1007/s40011-017-0867-7.
Bihari, B., Singh, Y. K., Shambhavi, S., Mandal, J., Kumar, S., and Kumar, R. (2022). Nutrient use efficiency indices of N, P, and K under rice-wheat cropping system in LTFE after 34th crop cycle. J. Plant Nutr. 45: 123-40.
Chen, Z., Li, X., Liu, T., Fu, H., Yuan, X., Cheng, Q., Liao, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Sun, Y. and Yang, Z., (2023). Strategies for fertilizer management to achieve higher yields and environmental and fertilizer benefits of rice production in China. Sci. Total Environ. 904: doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166325.
Chengzhi, C., Jidong, C. and Wenfang, C. (2024). Potential yields of two staple cereal crops worldwide under global warming. Farm. Manage. 9: 1-11.
Das, S. R., and Naik, B. S. (2015). Progress of rice research in Odisha (1965-2015). Technical report, Odisha, India.
FAO (2022). World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2022. Rome. doi.org/10.4060/cc2211en.
Fixen, P., Brentrup, F., Bruulsema, T., Garcia, F., Norton, R., and Zingore, S. (2015). Nutrient/fertilizer use efficiency: measurement, current situation and trends. Managing Water and Fertilizer for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification 270: 1-30.
GoI (2023). Agricultural statistics at a glance 2023, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Economics and Statistics Division, Govt. of India. https://desagri.gov.in/wpcontent/uploads/2023/05/Agricultural-Statistics-at-a-Glance-2023.pdf
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agriculture research. John Wileyand Sons Publishers, New York. pp: 357-423.
Govindasamy, P., Muthusamy, S. K., Bagavathiannan, M., Mowrer, J., Jagannadham, P. T. K., Maity, A., Halli, H. M., Sujayanand, G. K., Vadivel, R., Das, T. K. and Raj, R. et al., (2023). Nitrogen use efficiency - a key to enhance crop productivity under a changing climate. Front. Plant Sci. 14: doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1121073.
Grace, F. S., Jalloh, M. B., Rakib, M. R. M., Elisa, A. A. and Dandan, A. M. (2018). Effects of NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of several rice varieties grown in Sabah. Int. Conf. Sustain. Agric. pp. 237-42.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M. H. M. B., Nahar, K., Hossain, M. S., Mahmud, J. A., Hossen, M. S., Masud, A. A. Moumita, C. and Fujita, M. (2018). Potassium: A vital regulator of plant responses and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Agronomy 8: doi:10.3390/agronomy8030031.
Khan, F., Siddique, A. B., Shabala, S., Zhou, M. and Zhao, C. (2023). Phosphorus plays key roles in regulating plants’ physiological responses to abiotic stresses. Plants. 12: doi:10.3390/plants12152861.
Kumari, R., Bhatnagar, S. and Kalra, C. (2022). Nitrogen assimilation in plants. In Advances in Plant Nitrogen Metabolism. CRC Press. pp. 38-54.
Ludemann, C. I., Wanner, N., Chivenge, P., Dobermann, A., Einarsson, R., Grassini, P., Gruere, A., Jackson, K., Lassaletta, L., Maggi, F., Obli-Laryea, G., Van Ittersum, M. K., Vishwakarma, S., Zhang, X. and Tubiello, F. N. (2024). A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 16: 525–41. doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-525-2024.
Majumder, S., Shankar, T., Maitra, S., Adhikary, R. and Sairam, M. (2023). Effect of nutrient omission on growth and productivity of rabi rice. Crop Res. 58:129-35. doi:10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11166.
Majumder, S., Shankar, T., Maitra, S., Kumar, A., Gudade, B., Sagar, L., Sairam, M., Das, S., and Dash, S. (2024). Effect of nutrient omission plot technique based nutrient management in rabi rice (Oryza sativa) on crop productivity, nutrient uptake and soil health. Indian J. Agron. 69: 357–63. doi:10.59797/ija.v69i4.6141.
Mondal, R., Goswami, S., Goswami, S. B. and Jana, K. (2020). Effect of different nutrient management practices on growth, grain yield, production economics, soil nutrient availability of transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) and correlation studies. J. Crop Weed 16: 172-79. doi:10.22271/09746315.2020.v16.i1.1290.
Mondal, S., Kumar, R., Mishra, J. S., Dass, A., Kumar, S., Vijay, K. V., Kumari, M., Khan, S. R. and Singh, V. K. (2023). Grain nitrogen content and productivity of rice and maize under variable doses of fertilizer nitrogen. Heliyon. 9(6): e17321. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17321
Mondal, S., Mallikarjun, M., Ghosh, M., Ghosh, D. C. and Timsina, J. (2016). Influence of integrated nutrient management (INM) on nutrient use efficiency, soil fertility and productivity of hybrid rice. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 62: 1521-29.
Mrudhula, A., K., Krishna Veni, B., Suneetha, Y., Sunil Kumar, M. and Naik, B. S. S. S. (2023). Effect of Nutrient management on growth, yield and quality parameters of Black Rice. Eco. Env. Cons. 29: 181-86. doi:10.53550/EEC.2023.v29i05s.031.
Murthy, K. M., Rao, A. U., Vijay, D. and Sridhar, T. V. (2015). Effect of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on performance of rice. Indian J. Agric. Res. 49: 83-87. doi:10.5958/0976-058x.2015.00012.8.
Nakachew, K., Yigermal, H., Assefa, F., Gelaye, Y. and Ali, S. (2024). Review on enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization: Strategies for optimal nutrient management. Open Agric. 9: doi:10.1515/opag-2022-0356.
Onyeke, A., and Gani, M. (2023) Effects of Stand Density and NPK Fertilizer on Physiological Parameters of Rice Varieties. Int. J. Agric. Earth Sci. 9: doi:10.56201/ijaes.v9.no3. 2023.pg58.68.
Paramasivan, M. and Kumar, N. S. (2018). Effect of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on productivity, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in rice (Oryza sativa) in an Alfisols of Tambiraparani tract. Indian J. Agron. 63: 50-54.
Patra, A. K., Mishra, K. N., Garnayak, L. M., Halder, J. and Swain, S. K. (2017). Influence of long-term integrated nutrient management on productivity and soil properties in rice (Oryza Sativa) - rice cropping system in an acidic soil. Indian J. Agron. 62: 111-17.
Paul, S. K., Malik, G. C., Banerjee, M. and Majumder, S. (2024). Effect of different levels of nitrogen and silicon in rice under red and laterite soil. Int. J. Exp. Res. Review. 46: 305–12. doi:10.52756/ijerr.2024.v46.024.
Rakotoson, T., Johnson, J. M., Senthilkumar, K., Ibrahim, A. and Saito, K. (2025). On-farm nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium partial balances in three major rice production systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Field Crops Res. 322: doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109714.
Rao, A. U., Murthy, K. M., Sridhar, T. V. and Lakshmi, D. A. (2014). Effect of incremental doses of fertilizers on nutrient uptake and quality parameters of Kharif rice, Oryza sativa L on deltaic soils of Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Farm Sciences. 4(1): 1-5.
Rawal, N., Pande, K. R., Shrestha, R. and Vista, S. P. (2022). Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by NPK fertilization. Plos One 17: doi:10.1371 /journal.pone.0262771.
Sankati, J., Mishra, A. K., Banerjee, P. and Pidikiti, P. (2024). Improved nutrient management and fertilizer optimization in rice-based cropping systems. In: Key drivers and indicators of soil health management: Transitioning from conventional to regenerative agriculture. pp: 115-36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Sao, Y., Singh, G. and Jha, M. K. (2018). Site specific nutrient management for crop yield maximization using two soil types of Bilaspur District of CG on nutrient content in rice grain and straw grown in Vertisol. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 7: 1183-85.
Sharma, A. (2015). Numerical agronomy. Kalyani publishers. New Delhi, India. pp: 46-53.
Statista (2025). Rice - Statistics and Facts. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/ topics/1443/rice/.
Yuan, S., Linquist, B. A., Wilson, L. T., Cassman, K. G., Stuart, A. M., Pede, V., Miro, B., Saito, K., Agustiani, N., Aristya, V. E., Krisnadi, L. Y., Zanon, A. J., Heinemann, A. B., Carracelas, G., Subash, N., Brahmanand, P. S., Li, T., Peng, S. and Grassini, P. (2022). Replication Data for: Sustainable intensification for a larger global rice bowl. In Harvard Dataverse. 12: doi:10.7910/dvn/lz94qr.
Zhang, X., Davidson, E. A., Zou, T., Lassaletta, L., Quan, Z., Li, T. and Zhang, W. (2020). Quantifying nutrient budgets for sustainable nutrient management. G. B. Cycles 34: doi:10.1029/2018gb006060.
Bandumula, N. (2017). Rice production in Asia: key to global food security. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences 88: 1323-28. doi:10.1007/s40011-017-0867-7.
Bihari, B., Singh, Y. K., Shambhavi, S., Mandal, J., Kumar, S., and Kumar, R. (2022). Nutrient use efficiency indices of N, P, and K under rice-wheat cropping system in LTFE after 34th crop cycle. J. Plant Nutr. 45: 123-40.
Chen, Z., Li, X., Liu, T., Fu, H., Yuan, X., Cheng, Q., Liao, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Sun, Y. and Yang, Z., (2023). Strategies for fertilizer management to achieve higher yields and environmental and fertilizer benefits of rice production in China. Sci. Total Environ. 904: doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166325.
Chengzhi, C., Jidong, C. and Wenfang, C. (2024). Potential yields of two staple cereal crops worldwide under global warming. Farm. Manage. 9: 1-11.
Das, S. R., and Naik, B. S. (2015). Progress of rice research in Odisha (1965-2015). Technical report, Odisha, India.
FAO (2022). World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2022. Rome. doi.org/10.4060/cc2211en.
Fixen, P., Brentrup, F., Bruulsema, T., Garcia, F., Norton, R., and Zingore, S. (2015). Nutrient/fertilizer use efficiency: measurement, current situation and trends. Managing Water and Fertilizer for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification 270: 1-30.
GoI (2023). Agricultural statistics at a glance 2023, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Economics and Statistics Division, Govt. of India. https://desagri.gov.in/wpcontent/uploads/2023/05/Agricultural-Statistics-at-a-Glance-2023.pdf
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agriculture research. John Wileyand Sons Publishers, New York. pp: 357-423.
Govindasamy, P., Muthusamy, S. K., Bagavathiannan, M., Mowrer, J., Jagannadham, P. T. K., Maity, A., Halli, H. M., Sujayanand, G. K., Vadivel, R., Das, T. K. and Raj, R. et al., (2023). Nitrogen use efficiency - a key to enhance crop productivity under a changing climate. Front. Plant Sci. 14: doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1121073.
Grace, F. S., Jalloh, M. B., Rakib, M. R. M., Elisa, A. A. and Dandan, A. M. (2018). Effects of NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of several rice varieties grown in Sabah. Int. Conf. Sustain. Agric. pp. 237-42.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M. H. M. B., Nahar, K., Hossain, M. S., Mahmud, J. A., Hossen, M. S., Masud, A. A. Moumita, C. and Fujita, M. (2018). Potassium: A vital regulator of plant responses and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Agronomy 8: doi:10.3390/agronomy8030031.
Khan, F., Siddique, A. B., Shabala, S., Zhou, M. and Zhao, C. (2023). Phosphorus plays key roles in regulating plants’ physiological responses to abiotic stresses. Plants. 12: doi:10.3390/plants12152861.
Kumari, R., Bhatnagar, S. and Kalra, C. (2022). Nitrogen assimilation in plants. In Advances in Plant Nitrogen Metabolism. CRC Press. pp. 38-54.
Ludemann, C. I., Wanner, N., Chivenge, P., Dobermann, A., Einarsson, R., Grassini, P., Gruere, A., Jackson, K., Lassaletta, L., Maggi, F., Obli-Laryea, G., Van Ittersum, M. K., Vishwakarma, S., Zhang, X. and Tubiello, F. N. (2024). A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 16: 525–41. doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-525-2024.
Majumder, S., Shankar, T., Maitra, S., Adhikary, R. and Sairam, M. (2023). Effect of nutrient omission on growth and productivity of rabi rice. Crop Res. 58:129-35. doi:10.31830/2454-1761.2023.cr-11166.
Majumder, S., Shankar, T., Maitra, S., Kumar, A., Gudade, B., Sagar, L., Sairam, M., Das, S., and Dash, S. (2024). Effect of nutrient omission plot technique based nutrient management in rabi rice (Oryza sativa) on crop productivity, nutrient uptake and soil health. Indian J. Agron. 69: 357–63. doi:10.59797/ija.v69i4.6141.
Mondal, R., Goswami, S., Goswami, S. B. and Jana, K. (2020). Effect of different nutrient management practices on growth, grain yield, production economics, soil nutrient availability of transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) and correlation studies. J. Crop Weed 16: 172-79. doi:10.22271/09746315.2020.v16.i1.1290.
Mondal, S., Kumar, R., Mishra, J. S., Dass, A., Kumar, S., Vijay, K. V., Kumari, M., Khan, S. R. and Singh, V. K. (2023). Grain nitrogen content and productivity of rice and maize under variable doses of fertilizer nitrogen. Heliyon. 9(6): e17321. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17321
Mondal, S., Mallikarjun, M., Ghosh, M., Ghosh, D. C. and Timsina, J. (2016). Influence of integrated nutrient management (INM) on nutrient use efficiency, soil fertility and productivity of hybrid rice. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 62: 1521-29.
Mrudhula, A., K., Krishna Veni, B., Suneetha, Y., Sunil Kumar, M. and Naik, B. S. S. S. (2023). Effect of Nutrient management on growth, yield and quality parameters of Black Rice. Eco. Env. Cons. 29: 181-86. doi:10.53550/EEC.2023.v29i05s.031.
Murthy, K. M., Rao, A. U., Vijay, D. and Sridhar, T. V. (2015). Effect of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on performance of rice. Indian J. Agric. Res. 49: 83-87. doi:10.5958/0976-058x.2015.00012.8.
Nakachew, K., Yigermal, H., Assefa, F., Gelaye, Y. and Ali, S. (2024). Review on enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization: Strategies for optimal nutrient management. Open Agric. 9: doi:10.1515/opag-2022-0356.
Onyeke, A., and Gani, M. (2023) Effects of Stand Density and NPK Fertilizer on Physiological Parameters of Rice Varieties. Int. J. Agric. Earth Sci. 9: doi:10.56201/ijaes.v9.no3. 2023.pg58.68.
Paramasivan, M. and Kumar, N. S. (2018). Effect of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on productivity, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in rice (Oryza sativa) in an Alfisols of Tambiraparani tract. Indian J. Agron. 63: 50-54.
Patra, A. K., Mishra, K. N., Garnayak, L. M., Halder, J. and Swain, S. K. (2017). Influence of long-term integrated nutrient management on productivity and soil properties in rice (Oryza Sativa) - rice cropping system in an acidic soil. Indian J. Agron. 62: 111-17.
Paul, S. K., Malik, G. C., Banerjee, M. and Majumder, S. (2024). Effect of different levels of nitrogen and silicon in rice under red and laterite soil. Int. J. Exp. Res. Review. 46: 305–12. doi:10.52756/ijerr.2024.v46.024.
Rakotoson, T., Johnson, J. M., Senthilkumar, K., Ibrahim, A. and Saito, K. (2025). On-farm nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium partial balances in three major rice production systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Field Crops Res. 322: doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109714.
Rao, A. U., Murthy, K. M., Sridhar, T. V. and Lakshmi, D. A. (2014). Effect of incremental doses of fertilizers on nutrient uptake and quality parameters of Kharif rice, Oryza sativa L on deltaic soils of Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Farm Sciences. 4(1): 1-5.
Rawal, N., Pande, K. R., Shrestha, R. and Vista, S. P. (2022). Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by NPK fertilization. Plos One 17: doi:10.1371 /journal.pone.0262771.
Sankati, J., Mishra, A. K., Banerjee, P. and Pidikiti, P. (2024). Improved nutrient management and fertilizer optimization in rice-based cropping systems. In: Key drivers and indicators of soil health management: Transitioning from conventional to regenerative agriculture. pp: 115-36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Sao, Y., Singh, G. and Jha, M. K. (2018). Site specific nutrient management for crop yield maximization using two soil types of Bilaspur District of CG on nutrient content in rice grain and straw grown in Vertisol. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 7: 1183-85.
Sharma, A. (2015). Numerical agronomy. Kalyani publishers. New Delhi, India. pp: 46-53.
Statista (2025). Rice - Statistics and Facts. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/ topics/1443/rice/.
Yuan, S., Linquist, B. A., Wilson, L. T., Cassman, K. G., Stuart, A. M., Pede, V., Miro, B., Saito, K., Agustiani, N., Aristya, V. E., Krisnadi, L. Y., Zanon, A. J., Heinemann, A. B., Carracelas, G., Subash, N., Brahmanand, P. S., Li, T., Peng, S. and Grassini, P. (2022). Replication Data for: Sustainable intensification for a larger global rice bowl. In Harvard Dataverse. 12: doi:10.7910/dvn/lz94qr.
Zhang, X., Davidson, E. A., Zou, T., Lassaletta, L., Quan, Z., Li, T. and Zhang, W. (2020). Quantifying nutrient budgets for sustainable nutrient management. G. B. Cycles 34: doi:10.1029/2018gb006060.
