Cate, T. M and Perkins, T. D. (2003). Chlorophyll content monitoring in sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Tree Physiol. 23: 1077-79.
Cerovic, Z. G., Masdoumier, G., Ghozlen, N. B. and Latouche, G. (2012). A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids. Physiol. Plant. 146: 251-60.
Chris, B. (2023). Nitrogen fertiliser production outstrips global needs and exceeds planetary boundaries by factor of two. https://planet-tracker.org/nitrogen-fertiliser-production-outstrips-global-needs-and-exceeds-planetary-boundaries-by-factor-of-two/(Accessed on 29. 05.24).
CPG (2020). Crop Production Guide Agriculture, Directorate of Agriculture, Chepauk, Chennai - 600 005 & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N. and Leip, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food. 2: 198-209.
Duque, A. F., Patino, D., Colorado, J. D., Petro, E., Rebolledo, M. C., Mondragon, I. F., Espinosa, N., Amezquita, N., Puentes, O. D. and Mendez, D. (2023). Characterization of rice yield based on biomass and SPAD-Based leaf nitrogen for large genotype plots. Sensors 23: doi:10.3390/s23135917.
Guo, C. C., Yuan, X. J., Wen, Y. F., Yang, Y. G., Ma, Y. M. and Yan F. J. (2023). Common population characteristics of direct-seeded hybrid indica rice for high yield. Agron. J. 115: 1–16.
Ivanovich, C. C., Sun, T., Gordon, D. R., Ilissa and Ocko, B. (2023). Future warming from global food consumption. Nat. Clim. Chang. 13: 297-302.
Kaur, R., Singh, B., Singh, M. and Thind, S. K. (2015). Hyperspectral indices, correlation and regression models for estimating growth parameters of wheat genotypes. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. 43: 551-58.
Ladha, J. K., Tirol-Padre, A., Reddy, C. K., Cassman, K. G., Verma, S., Powlson, D. S., van Kessel, C., De, B., Richter, D., Chakraborty, D. and Pathak, H. (2016). Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: a 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems. Sci. Rep. 6: 1-9.
Liu, C., Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Liao, Y., Nie, J., Yuan, X. and Chen, F. (2019). Use of a leaf chlorophyll content index to improve the prediction of above-ground biomass and productivity. Peer J. 6: doi:10.7717/peerj.6240.
Lunagaria, M. M., Patel, H. R. and Pandey, V. (2015). Evaluation and calibration of non-invasive leaf chlorophyll meters for wheat. J. Agromet. 17: 51–54.
Omara, P., Aula, L., Oyebiyi, F. and Raun, W. R. (2019). World cereal nitrogen use efficiency trends: review and current knowledge. Agrosyst. Geosci. Environ. 2: 1–8.
Opti-Sciences (2017). CCM-200 plus Chlorophyll Content Meter Web Manual. Hudson, USA, https://www.adc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CCM-200-plus-manual-1.pdf.
Rex Immanuel, R., Sasikumar, T. S., Sudhagar Rao, G. B., Dhanasekaran, K., Baradhan, G., Ravikumar, C. and Nambi. J. (2023). Evaluating of abiotic stress tolerance-inducing substances on the growth, physiology and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Res. Crop. 24: 447-57.
Richardson, A. D., Duigan, S. P. and Berlyn, G. P. (2002). An evaluation of non-invasive methods to estimate foliar chlorophyll content. New Phytol. 153: 185-94.
Rutting, T., Aronsson, H. and Delin, S. (2018). Efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture. Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/s10705-017-9900-8.
Statistica, (2024). Production of fertilizers worldwide from 2005 to 2021, by nutrient. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1290786/global-fertilizer-production-by-nutrient/ (Accessed on 29. 05.24).
Surajit, M., Kumar, R., Janki S. M., Anchal, D., Sanjeev, K., Kumar Varun Vijay, K.V., Manisha, K., Khan S. R. and Singh, V. K. (2023). Grain nitrogen content and productivity of rice and maize under variable doses of fertilizer nitrogen. Heliyon 9: doi:10.1016/ j.heliyon.2023.e17321.
Uchino, H., Watanabeab, T., Ramua, K., Sahrawata, K. L., Marimuthuc, S., Wania S. P. and Itod, O. (2013). Calibrating chlorophyll meter (Spad-502) reading by specific leaf area for estimating leaf nitrogen concentration in sweet sorghum. J. Plant Nut. 36: 1640-46.
Wang, Y., Wang, D., Shi, P. and Omasa, K. (2014). Estimating rice chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen concentration with a digital still colour camera under natural light. Plant Methods 10: doi:10.1186/1746-4811-10-36.
Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Beebout, S. S., Zhang, H., Liu, L. and Yang, J. (2016). Grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice as influenced by irrigation regimes and their interaction with nitrogen rates. Field Crop Res. 193: 54–69.
Wim de Vries (2021). Impacts of nitrogen emissions on ecosystems and human health: A mini review. Cur. Opi. Environ. Sci. Health. 21: doi:10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100249.
Xiong, D. L., Chen, J., Yu, T. T., Gao, W. L., Ling, X. X. and Li, Y. (2015). SPAD-based leaf nitrogen estimation is impacted by environmental factors and crop leaf characteristics. Sci. Rep. 5: 1–12.
Yoshida, S. D., Forno, A., Cook, J. H. and Gomez, K. A. (1976). Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice, 3rd Edn., IRRI, Philippines. pp. 76.
Yu, F., Bai, J., Jin, Z., Zhang, H., Guo, Z. and Chen, C. (2022). Research on precise fertilization method of rice tillering stage based on UAV hyperspectral remote sensing prescription map. Agron. 12: doi:10.3390/agronomy12112893.
Cerovic, Z. G., Masdoumier, G., Ghozlen, N. B. and Latouche, G. (2012). A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids. Physiol. Plant. 146: 251-60.
Chris, B. (2023). Nitrogen fertiliser production outstrips global needs and exceeds planetary boundaries by factor of two. https://planet-tracker.org/nitrogen-fertiliser-production-outstrips-global-needs-and-exceeds-planetary-boundaries-by-factor-of-two/(Accessed on 29. 05.24).
CPG (2020). Crop Production Guide Agriculture, Directorate of Agriculture, Chepauk, Chennai - 600 005 & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N. and Leip, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food. 2: 198-209.
Duque, A. F., Patino, D., Colorado, J. D., Petro, E., Rebolledo, M. C., Mondragon, I. F., Espinosa, N., Amezquita, N., Puentes, O. D. and Mendez, D. (2023). Characterization of rice yield based on biomass and SPAD-Based leaf nitrogen for large genotype plots. Sensors 23: doi:10.3390/s23135917.
Guo, C. C., Yuan, X. J., Wen, Y. F., Yang, Y. G., Ma, Y. M. and Yan F. J. (2023). Common population characteristics of direct-seeded hybrid indica rice for high yield. Agron. J. 115: 1–16.
Ivanovich, C. C., Sun, T., Gordon, D. R., Ilissa and Ocko, B. (2023). Future warming from global food consumption. Nat. Clim. Chang. 13: 297-302.
Kaur, R., Singh, B., Singh, M. and Thind, S. K. (2015). Hyperspectral indices, correlation and regression models for estimating growth parameters of wheat genotypes. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. 43: 551-58.
Ladha, J. K., Tirol-Padre, A., Reddy, C. K., Cassman, K. G., Verma, S., Powlson, D. S., van Kessel, C., De, B., Richter, D., Chakraborty, D. and Pathak, H. (2016). Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: a 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems. Sci. Rep. 6: 1-9.
Liu, C., Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Liao, Y., Nie, J., Yuan, X. and Chen, F. (2019). Use of a leaf chlorophyll content index to improve the prediction of above-ground biomass and productivity. Peer J. 6: doi:10.7717/peerj.6240.
Lunagaria, M. M., Patel, H. R. and Pandey, V. (2015). Evaluation and calibration of non-invasive leaf chlorophyll meters for wheat. J. Agromet. 17: 51–54.
Omara, P., Aula, L., Oyebiyi, F. and Raun, W. R. (2019). World cereal nitrogen use efficiency trends: review and current knowledge. Agrosyst. Geosci. Environ. 2: 1–8.
Opti-Sciences (2017). CCM-200 plus Chlorophyll Content Meter Web Manual. Hudson, USA, https://www.adc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CCM-200-plus-manual-1.pdf.
Rex Immanuel, R., Sasikumar, T. S., Sudhagar Rao, G. B., Dhanasekaran, K., Baradhan, G., Ravikumar, C. and Nambi. J. (2023). Evaluating of abiotic stress tolerance-inducing substances on the growth, physiology and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Res. Crop. 24: 447-57.
Richardson, A. D., Duigan, S. P. and Berlyn, G. P. (2002). An evaluation of non-invasive methods to estimate foliar chlorophyll content. New Phytol. 153: 185-94.
Rutting, T., Aronsson, H. and Delin, S. (2018). Efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture. Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/s10705-017-9900-8.
Statistica, (2024). Production of fertilizers worldwide from 2005 to 2021, by nutrient. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1290786/global-fertilizer-production-by-nutrient/ (Accessed on 29. 05.24).
Surajit, M., Kumar, R., Janki S. M., Anchal, D., Sanjeev, K., Kumar Varun Vijay, K.V., Manisha, K., Khan S. R. and Singh, V. K. (2023). Grain nitrogen content and productivity of rice and maize under variable doses of fertilizer nitrogen. Heliyon 9: doi:10.1016/ j.heliyon.2023.e17321.
Uchino, H., Watanabeab, T., Ramua, K., Sahrawata, K. L., Marimuthuc, S., Wania S. P. and Itod, O. (2013). Calibrating chlorophyll meter (Spad-502) reading by specific leaf area for estimating leaf nitrogen concentration in sweet sorghum. J. Plant Nut. 36: 1640-46.
Wang, Y., Wang, D., Shi, P. and Omasa, K. (2014). Estimating rice chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen concentration with a digital still colour camera under natural light. Plant Methods 10: doi:10.1186/1746-4811-10-36.
Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Beebout, S. S., Zhang, H., Liu, L. and Yang, J. (2016). Grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice as influenced by irrigation regimes and their interaction with nitrogen rates. Field Crop Res. 193: 54–69.
Wim de Vries (2021). Impacts of nitrogen emissions on ecosystems and human health: A mini review. Cur. Opi. Environ. Sci. Health. 21: doi:10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100249.
Xiong, D. L., Chen, J., Yu, T. T., Gao, W. L., Ling, X. X. and Li, Y. (2015). SPAD-based leaf nitrogen estimation is impacted by environmental factors and crop leaf characteristics. Sci. Rep. 5: 1–12.
Yoshida, S. D., Forno, A., Cook, J. H. and Gomez, K. A. (1976). Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice, 3rd Edn., IRRI, Philippines. pp. 76.
Yu, F., Bai, J., Jin, Z., Zhang, H., Guo, Z. and Chen, C. (2022). Research on precise fertilization method of rice tillering stage based on UAV hyperspectral remote sensing prescription map. Agron. 12: doi:10.3390/agronomy12112893.
