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Accumulation of Cd and Pb in soils irrigated with sewage and non-sewage water in Prayagraj, India


DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.CR-980    | Article Id: CR-980 | Page : 227-234
Citation :- Accumulation of Cd and Pb in soils irrigated with sewage and non-sewage water in Prayagraj, India. Crop Res. 59: 227-234
JEETENDRA VERMA, DINESH MANI, VIPIN SAHU, DEVI PRASAD SHUKLA, HIMANCHAL VISHWAKARMA, MANOJ KUMAR AND RUPESH KUMAR OJHA jeetendravermajmv@gmail.com
Address : Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science (SDISS), Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj- 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Submitted Date : 31-05-2024
Accepted Date : 25-07-2024

Abstract

Unmanaged agricultural fields and the extended usage of sewage irrigation water can raise the concentration of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in the soil, turning it into barren soil. The study was conducted during 2022-23 at four sewage and non-sewage irrigated sites in Prayagraj namely Naini, Baxibandh, Rasulabad and Draupadi Ghat. The representative soil samples were taken at depths of 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm. Di-acid mixture method was used for the estimation of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in the soil sample by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) (AAnalyst600, Perkin Elmer Inc., MA, USA). Contamination factor (CF) and enrichment factor % (EF) of different sites showed various results which fulfill the basic criteria of present and future prospective of research. The highest concentration of Cd and Pb was found in the surface layer (0-15 cm) of sewage and non-sewage irrigated sites at Naini i.e., Cd (4.46±0.42 and 1.05±0.08 mg/kg) and Pb (6.53±0.62 and 1.18±0.12 mg/kg) respectively. The lowest concentration of Cd and Pb was found in the sub-surface layer (45-60 cm) of sewage and non-sewage irrigated sites at Draupadi Ghat i.e., Cd (1.02±0.09 and 0.16±0.01 mg/kg) and Pb (1.68±0.12 and 0.18±0.01 mg/kg) respectively. The concentration of heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) declined with soil profile depth in both sewage and non-sewage irrigated soils. The long-term persistence of heavy metal contamination in soil can lead to severe issues; therefore, regular monitoring of sewage-irrigated soils is necessary to minimize heavy metal pollution.

Keywords

Contamination enrichment heavy metals sewage irrigated soil

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