Abstract

Biotechnology offers many techniques in case of human welfare i. e. crop improvement and nutrition. It has a potential progress in plant improvement by using molecular techniques. It also shows rapid progress in understanding the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels in plant improvement. The biotechnology tool shows how the plant gene transfers from bacteria to plant cell. By this tool, there is improvement in plant nutrition (golden rice) and pathogen resistant in crops. Today agriculture is facing many problems like cob borer and leaf smut disease. To overcome this problem, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolostic methods are used for gene transfer for development of transgenic crop. So, we reviewed techniques like tissue culture, gene transfer, plant breeding and maintenace of germplasm. The tools of biotechnology were provided to investigator to develop a transgenic plant by tissue culture and gene transformation by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolistic method. Later assessment was measured between Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolistic methods. So, in previous literature, the results evaluated that low copy number, expression and inheritance of gene had good transformation and more number of transgenic plants developed. Here, it was shown that low copy number, expression and inheritance were good in agrobacterium, when compared to biolistic gene transfer. These are due to more copy number which results in gene silencing. So, Agrobacterium- mediated transformation is better than the biolistic gene transfer.