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Research on Crops

Performance of furrow-irrigated raised beds and system of wheat intensification under deficit irrigation

DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2026.ROC-1334    | Article Id: ROC-1334 | Page : 445-449
Citation :- Performance of furrow-irrigated raised beds and system of wheat intensification under deficit irrigation. Res. Crop. 27: 445-449
PRABHDEEP SINGH, BALJINDER SINGH, KANIK KUMAR BANSAL, SANJAY KUMAR, NIKHIL CHAUDHARY, ISHANT AND DEVENDER SINGH Kanikbansal09@gmail.com
Address : Faculty of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda - 151302, Punjab, India
Submitted Date : 13-06-2026
Accepted Date : 16-07-2026
Online Published:

Abstract

Wheat production in the semi-arid regions of South Asia is increasingly challenged by declining water availability, erratic rainfall patterns, and inefficient conventional crop establishment methods. Sustainable production technologies that improve water-use efficiency and productivity are therefore essential for maintaining food security in the trans-Gangetic plains. The present investigation was conducted during the rabi season of 2024-25 and 2025-26 at Agronomy Research Farm, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab, India, to evaluate the performance of different sowing methods and irrigation regimes on growth, yield, and economics of wheat. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three sowing methods: Conventional Flat Sowing (M₁), Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed (FIRB; M₂), and System of Wheat Intensification (SWI; M₃), along with four irrigation schedules: I₁ (CRI only), I₂ (CRI + Tillering), I₃ (CRI + Tillering + Booting), and I₄ (CRI + Tillering + Booting + Grain Filling). Results revealed that FIRB significantly enhanced plant growth, tiller production, dry matter accumulation, and yield attributes over conventional sowing and SWI. The FIRB method recorded the highest grain yield (4,573 kg/ha), biological yield (11,382 kg/ha), and harvest index (40.2%). Among irrigation levels, I₄ produced superior growth and maximum grain yield (4,726 kg/ha). The interaction of FIRB with irrigation at all four critical stages (I₄M₂) generated the highest net return (₹ 63,856/ha) and benefit–cost ratio (1.20). The study concluded that FIRB combined with optimum irrigation scheduling is a productive and climate-resilient strategy for sustainable wheat cultivation under semi-arid conditions.

Keywords

Benefit–cost ratio deficit irrigation FIRB grain yield system of wheat intensification water-use efficiency

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