Bus, V. G. M., Laurens, F. N. D., van de Weg, W. E., Rusholme, R. L., Rikkerink, E. H. A., Gardiner, S. E., Bassett, H. C. M., Kodde, L. P. and Plummer, K. M. (2006a). The Vh8 locus of a new gene-for-gene interaction between Venturia inaequalis and the wild apple Malus sieversii is closely linked to the Vh2 locus in Malus pumila R12740-7A. New Phytol. 166: 1035-49. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01395.x.
Bus, V. G. M., Ranatunga, C., Alspach, P. A., Oraguzie, N. C. and, Whitworth, C. A. (2006b). Partial diallel study of powery mildew resistance in six apple cultivars under three growing conditions with different disease pressures. Euphytica 148: 235–42. doi:10.1007/s10681-005-9014-2.
Chagné, D., Vanderzande, S., Kirk, C., Profitt, N., Weskett, R., Gardiner, S. E., Peace, C. P., Volz, R. K. and Bassil, N. V. (2019). Validation of SNP markers for fruit quality and disease resistance loci in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) using the OpenArray® platform. Hortic. Res. 6: doi:10.1038/s41438-018-0114-2.
Chen, Z., Yu, L., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Wang, N. and Chen, X. (2021). Research progress of fruit color development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 162: 267–79. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.033.
Cmejlova, J., Rejlova, M., Paprstein, F. and Cmejla, R. (2021). A new one-tube reaction kit for the SSR genotyping of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Plant Sci. 303: doi:10.1016/j. plantsci.2020.110768.
Doyle, J. J. and Doyle, J. L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull. 19: 11–15.
Dzhangaliev, A. D. (2002). The wild apple tree of Kazakhstan. Hortic Rev. 29: 63–303. doi:10.1002/9780470650868.ch2.
Galymbek, K., Kuan, A., Kaldybayeva, D., Abdikarimova, R., Bakirov, S., Aitymbet, Z. and Madenova, A. (2025). Distribution of powdery mildew resistance genes in the Kazakhstan apple cultivar collection. Braz. J. Biol. 85: doi:10.1590/1519-6984.287949.
Galymbek, K., Madenova, A. and Bakirov, S. B. (2024). Phytosanitary diagnosis of apple fungal diseases in Almaty region. Res. Crop. 25: 499–508. doi:10.31830/2348-7542. 2024.ROC-1112.
Garcia-Gómez, B. E., Bühlmann-Schütz, S., Hodel, M., Patocchi, A. and Aranzana, M. J. (2024). Development of SNP markers for the powdery mildew resistance gene Pl1 in apple. Acta Hortic. 1412: 299–306. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1412.45.
Gessler C, Patocchi A, Sansavini S, Tartarini S and Gianfranceschi L. (2006). Venturia inaequalis resistance in apple. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 25: 473–503. doi:10.1080/ 07352680601015975.
Gritsenko, D., Pozharskiy, A., Dolgikh, S., Aubakirova, K., Kenzhebekova, R., Galiakparov, N., Karimov, N. and Sadykov, S. (2022). Apple varieties from Kazakhstan and their relation to foreign cultivars assessed with RosBREED 10K SNP Array. Eur. J. Hortic. Sci. 87: 1–8. doi:10.17660/eJHS.2022/006.
Ha, Y. H., Oh, S. H. and Lee, S. R. (2021). Genetic admixture in the population of wild apple (Malus sieversii) from the Tien Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan. Genes 12: doi:10.3390/ genes12010104.
Hofer, M., Flachowsky, H., Schropfer, S. and Peil, A. (2021). Evaluation of scab and mildew resistance in the gene bank collection of apples in Dresden-Pillnitz. Plants 10: doi:10. 3390/plants10061227.
James, C. M, Clarke, J. B. and Evans, K. M. (2004). Identification of molecular markers linked to the mildew resistance gene Pl-d in apple. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110: 75–181. doi:10.1007/ s00122-004-1836-0.
Jänsch, M., Broggini, G. A. L., Weger, J., Bus, V. G. M., Gardiner, S. E., Bassett, H. and Patocchi, A. (2015). Identification of SNPs linked to eight apple disease resistance loci. Mol. Breed. 35: 1-21. doi:10.1007/s11032-015-0242-4.
Khajuria, Y. P., Kaul, S., Wani, A. A. and Dhar, M. K. (2018). Genetics of resistance in apple against Venturia inaequalis (Wint.) Cke. Tree Genet. Genomes 14: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s11295-018-1226-4.
Madenova, A., Aitymbet, Z., Bolat, M., Kaldybayeva, D., Galymbek, K., Kuan, A., Kabylbekova, B., Irkitbay, A., Yeszhanov, T., Bakirov, S. and Sapakhova, Z. (2024). Screening of apple cultivars for scab resistance in Kazakhstan. Horticulturae 10: doi:10.3390/ horticulturae10020184.
Nasonov, A. I. and Suprun, I. I. (2015). Apple scab: peculiarities of the causal agent and the pathogenesis. Krasnodar, Kazakhstan.
Omasheva, M. E., Pozharsky, A. S., Smailov, B. B., Ryabushkina. N. A. and Galiakparov, N. N. (2018). Genetic diversity of apple cultivars growing in Kazakhstan. Russ. J. Genet. 54: 176–87. doi:10.1134/S1022795418020138.
Oyenihi, A. B., Belay, Z. A., Mditshwa, A. and Caleb, O. J. (2022). An apple a day keeps the doctor away: the potentials of apple bioactive constituents for chronic disease prevention. J. Food Sci. 87: 2291-309. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.16155.
Patocchi, A., Frei, A., Frey, J. E. and Kellerhals, M. (2009). Towards improvement of marker assisted selection of apple scab resistant cultivars: Venturia inaequalis virulence surveys and standardization of molecular marker alleles associated with resistance genes. Mol. Breed. 24: 337–47.
Pfeifer, M., Kurzweg, L., Mucaj, B., Burkhardt, T., Peil, A., Flachowsky, H. Emeriewen, O. F. and Wöhner, T. W. (2026). Genetic mapping, marker development, and identification of candidate genes for powdery mildew resistance in Malus baccata ‘Jackii’. Front. Plant Sci. 16: doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1716290.
Silfverberg-Dilworth, E., Patocchi, A. and Gessler, C. (2006). Evaluation of in-vitro grown apple shoot sensitivity to Venturia inaequalis using a detached leaf assay. IOBC/WPRS Bull. No. 29, pp. 67.
Spengler, R. N. (2019). Origins of the apple: the role of megafaunal mutualism in the domestication of Malus and rosaceous trees. Front. Plant Sci. 10: doi:10.3389/fpls. 2019.00617.
Tartarini, S., Gianfranceschi, L., Sansavini, S. and Gessler, C. (1999). Development of reliable PCR markers for the selection of the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple. Plant Breed. 118: 183–86. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.118002183.x.
Vallée Marcotte, B., Verheyde, M., Pomerleau, S., Doyen, A. and Couillard, C. (2022). Health benefits of apple juice consumption: a review of interventional trials on humans. Nutrients 14: doi:10.3390/nu14040821.
Velasco, R., Zharkikh, A., Affourtit, J., Dhingra, A., Cestaro, A., Kalyanaraman, A., Fontana, P., Bhatnagar, S. K., Troggio, M., et al. and Pruss, D. (2010). The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Nat, Genet. 42: 833–39. doi:10.1038/ng.65.
Bus, V. G. M., Ranatunga, C., Alspach, P. A., Oraguzie, N. C. and, Whitworth, C. A. (2006b). Partial diallel study of powery mildew resistance in six apple cultivars under three growing conditions with different disease pressures. Euphytica 148: 235–42. doi:10.1007/s10681-005-9014-2.
Chagné, D., Vanderzande, S., Kirk, C., Profitt, N., Weskett, R., Gardiner, S. E., Peace, C. P., Volz, R. K. and Bassil, N. V. (2019). Validation of SNP markers for fruit quality and disease resistance loci in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) using the OpenArray® platform. Hortic. Res. 6: doi:10.1038/s41438-018-0114-2.
Chen, Z., Yu, L., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Wang, N. and Chen, X. (2021). Research progress of fruit color development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 162: 267–79. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.033.
Cmejlova, J., Rejlova, M., Paprstein, F. and Cmejla, R. (2021). A new one-tube reaction kit for the SSR genotyping of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Plant Sci. 303: doi:10.1016/j. plantsci.2020.110768.
Doyle, J. J. and Doyle, J. L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull. 19: 11–15.
Dzhangaliev, A. D. (2002). The wild apple tree of Kazakhstan. Hortic Rev. 29: 63–303. doi:10.1002/9780470650868.ch2.
Galymbek, K., Kuan, A., Kaldybayeva, D., Abdikarimova, R., Bakirov, S., Aitymbet, Z. and Madenova, A. (2025). Distribution of powdery mildew resistance genes in the Kazakhstan apple cultivar collection. Braz. J. Biol. 85: doi:10.1590/1519-6984.287949.
Galymbek, K., Madenova, A. and Bakirov, S. B. (2024). Phytosanitary diagnosis of apple fungal diseases in Almaty region. Res. Crop. 25: 499–508. doi:10.31830/2348-7542. 2024.ROC-1112.
Garcia-Gómez, B. E., Bühlmann-Schütz, S., Hodel, M., Patocchi, A. and Aranzana, M. J. (2024). Development of SNP markers for the powdery mildew resistance gene Pl1 in apple. Acta Hortic. 1412: 299–306. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1412.45.
Gessler C, Patocchi A, Sansavini S, Tartarini S and Gianfranceschi L. (2006). Venturia inaequalis resistance in apple. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 25: 473–503. doi:10.1080/ 07352680601015975.
Gritsenko, D., Pozharskiy, A., Dolgikh, S., Aubakirova, K., Kenzhebekova, R., Galiakparov, N., Karimov, N. and Sadykov, S. (2022). Apple varieties from Kazakhstan and their relation to foreign cultivars assessed with RosBREED 10K SNP Array. Eur. J. Hortic. Sci. 87: 1–8. doi:10.17660/eJHS.2022/006.
Ha, Y. H., Oh, S. H. and Lee, S. R. (2021). Genetic admixture in the population of wild apple (Malus sieversii) from the Tien Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan. Genes 12: doi:10.3390/ genes12010104.
Hofer, M., Flachowsky, H., Schropfer, S. and Peil, A. (2021). Evaluation of scab and mildew resistance in the gene bank collection of apples in Dresden-Pillnitz. Plants 10: doi:10. 3390/plants10061227.
James, C. M, Clarke, J. B. and Evans, K. M. (2004). Identification of molecular markers linked to the mildew resistance gene Pl-d in apple. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110: 75–181. doi:10.1007/ s00122-004-1836-0.
Jänsch, M., Broggini, G. A. L., Weger, J., Bus, V. G. M., Gardiner, S. E., Bassett, H. and Patocchi, A. (2015). Identification of SNPs linked to eight apple disease resistance loci. Mol. Breed. 35: 1-21. doi:10.1007/s11032-015-0242-4.
Khajuria, Y. P., Kaul, S., Wani, A. A. and Dhar, M. K. (2018). Genetics of resistance in apple against Venturia inaequalis (Wint.) Cke. Tree Genet. Genomes 14: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s11295-018-1226-4.
Madenova, A., Aitymbet, Z., Bolat, M., Kaldybayeva, D., Galymbek, K., Kuan, A., Kabylbekova, B., Irkitbay, A., Yeszhanov, T., Bakirov, S. and Sapakhova, Z. (2024). Screening of apple cultivars for scab resistance in Kazakhstan. Horticulturae 10: doi:10.3390/ horticulturae10020184.
Nasonov, A. I. and Suprun, I. I. (2015). Apple scab: peculiarities of the causal agent and the pathogenesis. Krasnodar, Kazakhstan.
Omasheva, M. E., Pozharsky, A. S., Smailov, B. B., Ryabushkina. N. A. and Galiakparov, N. N. (2018). Genetic diversity of apple cultivars growing in Kazakhstan. Russ. J. Genet. 54: 176–87. doi:10.1134/S1022795418020138.
Oyenihi, A. B., Belay, Z. A., Mditshwa, A. and Caleb, O. J. (2022). An apple a day keeps the doctor away: the potentials of apple bioactive constituents for chronic disease prevention. J. Food Sci. 87: 2291-309. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.16155.
Patocchi, A., Frei, A., Frey, J. E. and Kellerhals, M. (2009). Towards improvement of marker assisted selection of apple scab resistant cultivars: Venturia inaequalis virulence surveys and standardization of molecular marker alleles associated with resistance genes. Mol. Breed. 24: 337–47.
Pfeifer, M., Kurzweg, L., Mucaj, B., Burkhardt, T., Peil, A., Flachowsky, H. Emeriewen, O. F. and Wöhner, T. W. (2026). Genetic mapping, marker development, and identification of candidate genes for powdery mildew resistance in Malus baccata ‘Jackii’. Front. Plant Sci. 16: doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1716290.
Silfverberg-Dilworth, E., Patocchi, A. and Gessler, C. (2006). Evaluation of in-vitro grown apple shoot sensitivity to Venturia inaequalis using a detached leaf assay. IOBC/WPRS Bull. No. 29, pp. 67.
Spengler, R. N. (2019). Origins of the apple: the role of megafaunal mutualism in the domestication of Malus and rosaceous trees. Front. Plant Sci. 10: doi:10.3389/fpls. 2019.00617.
Tartarini, S., Gianfranceschi, L., Sansavini, S. and Gessler, C. (1999). Development of reliable PCR markers for the selection of the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple. Plant Breed. 118: 183–86. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.118002183.x.
Vallée Marcotte, B., Verheyde, M., Pomerleau, S., Doyen, A. and Couillard, C. (2022). Health benefits of apple juice consumption: a review of interventional trials on humans. Nutrients 14: doi:10.3390/nu14040821.
Velasco, R., Zharkikh, A., Affourtit, J., Dhingra, A., Cestaro, A., Kalyanaraman, A., Fontana, P., Bhatnagar, S. K., Troggio, M., et al. and Pruss, D. (2010). The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Nat, Genet. 42: 833–39. doi:10.1038/ng.65.
