Adhikari, B., Adhikari, M., Ghimire, B., Adhikari, B. C., Park, G. and Choi, E. H. (2020). Cold plasma seed priming modulates growth, redox homeostasis and stress response by inducing reactive species in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Free Radic. Biol. Med. 156: 57–69. doi:10. 1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.003.
Alhagdow, M. M. and Qareerah, F. A. (2021). Evaluation of salt tolerance of pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Jalapino) cultivated in greenhouse. Libyan J. Agric. 26: 55–65.
Balasubramaniam, T., Shen, G., Esmaeili, N. and Zhang, H. (2023). Plants’ response mechanisms to salinity stress. Plants 12: doi:10.3390/ plants12122253.
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P. and Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39: 205–207. doi:10.1007/BF00018060.
Choi, H. W. and Hwang, B. K. (2012). The pepper extracellular peroxidase CaPO2 is required for salt, drought and oxidative stress tolerance as well as resistance to fungal pathogens. Planta 235: 1369–82. doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1580-z.
Elkhatib, H., Gabr, S. M. and Elazomy, A. A. (2021). Salt stress relief and growth-promoting effect of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) by glutathione, selenium, and humic acid application. Alex. Sci. Exch. J. 42: 583–608. doi:10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2021.183461.
Garcia-Elias, A., Alloza, L., Puigdecanet, E., Nonell, L., Tajes, M., Curado, J., Enjuanes, C., Díaz, O., Bruguera, J. and Martí-Almor, J. (2017). Defining quantification methods and optimizing protocols for microarray hybridization of circulating microRNAs. Sci. Rep. 7: doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08134-3.
George, D. and Mallery, P. (2024). IBM SPSS Statistics 29 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 18th Edn. New York: Routledge. pp. 440.
Hamzah, N. A. and Raheif, E. S. (2018). Purification and properties of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from Tamarix aphylla L. Cell. Mol. Biol. Noisy--Gd. Fr. 64: 19–23. doi:10.14715/cmb/2018.64.7.4.
Hussein, H. E. and Alwash, B. M. (2016). Induction of genetic variation for salt tolerance in tissue culture of Capsicum annuum L. J. Biotechnol. Res. Cent. 10: 15–20.
Iranbakhsh, A., Oraghi Ardebili, Z., Oraghi Ardebili, N., Ghoranneviss, M. and Safari, N. (2018). Cold plasma relieved toxicity signs of nano zinc oxide in capsicum annuum cayenne via modifying growth, differentiation, and physiology. Acta Physiol. Plant. 40: 1–14. doi:10.1007/s11738-018-2730-8.
Jiang, J., Jiangang, L. I. and Yuanhua, D. (2018). Effect of cold plasma treatment on seedling growth and nutrient absorption of tomato. Plasma Sci. Technol. 20: 1–4. doi:10.1088/2058-6272/aaa0bf.
Lee, H.-W., Lee, H.-M., Yoon, S.-R., Kim, S. H. and Ha, J.-H. (2018). Pretreatment with propidium monoazide/sodium lauroyl sarcosinate improves discrimination of infectious waterborne virus by RT-qPCR combined with magnetic separation. Environ. Pollut. 233: 306–14. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.081.
Leones, K. D., Zambrano, D. J., Corozo-Quiñónez, L., Macías-Ponce, F., Saltos-Rezabala, L. A., Monteros-Altamirano, Á., Arteaga-Alcívar, F. and Guambi, L. A. D. (2025). Comparison of capsicum genotypes under in vitro saline stress induced by different concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2. Sarhad J. Agric. 41: 360–72. doi:10.17582/journal.sja/2025/41.1.360.372.
Li, J., Bai, X., Ran, F., Zhang, C., Yan, Y., Li, P. and Chen, H. (2024). Effects of combined extreme cold and drought stress on growth, photosynthesis, and physiological characteristics of cool-season grasses. Sci. Rep. 14: doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49531-1.
Luhová, L., Lebeda, A., Hedererová, D. and Peč, P. (2003). Activities of amine oxidase, peroxidase and catalase in seedlings of Pisum sativum L. under different light conditions. Plant Soil Environ. 49: 151–57. doi:10.17221/4106-PSE.
Maiti, R. K. and Singh, V. P. (2019). A review on mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to drought, high and low temperature and salinity. Farm. Manage. 4: 19-37.
Maitra, S., Sairam, M., Santosh, D. T., Gaikwad, D. J., and Sahoo, U. (2024). Growth, productivity and quality of colored capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) as influenced by hybrids and plant growth regulators under controlled environment conditions. Res. Crop. 25: 328-35.
Maryum, Z., Luqman, T., Nadeem, S., Khan, S. M. U. D., Wang, B., Ditta, A. and Khan, M. K. R. (2022). An overview of salinity stress, mechanism of salinity tolerance and strategies for its management in cotton. Front. Plant Sci. 13: 1–22. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.907937.
Meng, Y.-C., Zhang, H.-F., Pan, X.-X., Chen, N., Hu, H.-F., Haq, S. ul, Khan, A. and Chen, R.-G. (2021). CaDHN3, a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) dehydrin gene enhances the tolerance against salt and drought stresses by reducing ROS accumulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22: 3205–23. doi:10.3390/ ijms22063205.
Padrón, R. A. R., Lopes, S. J., Swarowsky, A., Cerquera, R. R., Nogueira, C. U. and Maffei, M. (2016). Non-destructive models to estimate leaf area on bell pepper crop. Ciênc. Rural 46: 1938–44. doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20151324.
Ranganna, S. (1977). Manual of Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable Products. Tata McGraw-Hill. pp: 634.
Schmittgen, T. D. and Livak, K. J. (2008). Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nat. Protoc. 3: 1101–08. doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.73.
Shelar, A., Singh, V., Dietrich, A., Singh, P., Maharjan, R., Thissen, A., Didwal, N., Shinde, P., Laux, M., Luch, P. A., Mathe, V., Jahnke, T., Chaskar, M. and Patil, R. (2022). Emerging cold plasma treatment and machine learning prospects for seed priming: a step towards sustainable food production. RSC Adv 12: 10467–88. doi:10.1039/D2RA00809B.
Shukla, G., Tyagi, A., Singh, D.., Gaurav, S. S. and Singh, A. (2025). Zinc nano particles for enhancing salinity stress resilience in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Res. 60: 103-10.
Simms, D., Cizdziel, P. E. and Chomczynski, P. (1993). TRIzol: A new reagent for optimal single-step isolation of RNA. Focus 15: 532–35.
Tardast, Z., Iranbakhsh, A., Ebadi, M. and Oraghi Ardebili, Z. (2024). Seed priming with corona discharge plasma modified growth performance, improved metabolism, and elicited production of tropane alkaloids in Datura inoxia seedlings; plasma technology for application in plant in‐vitro cultures. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 64: 1–16. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3223423/v1.
Thisawech, M., Saritnum, O., Sarapirom, S., Prakrajang, K. and Phakham, W. (2020). Effects of plasma technique and gamma irradiation on seed germination and seedling growth of chili pepper. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 47: 73-82.
Veerana, M., Ketya, W., Choi, E.-H. and Park, G. (2024). Non-thermal plasma enhances growth and salinity tolerance of bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) in hydroponic culture. Front. Plant Sci. 15: 1–16. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1445791.
Yasoob, A. N. (2025). Verification and demonstration of the ability of plasma generated from dielectric barrier discharge to oxidize. Baghdad Sci. J. 22: 1295–303. doi:10.21123/ bsj.2024.11217.
Yue, Y., Su, L., Hao, M., Li, W., Zeng, L. and Yan, S. (2021). Evaluation of peroxidase in herbal medicines based on an electrochemical sensor. Front. Chem. 9: 1–6. doi:10.3389/fchem. 2021.709487.
Alhagdow, M. M. and Qareerah, F. A. (2021). Evaluation of salt tolerance of pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Jalapino) cultivated in greenhouse. Libyan J. Agric. 26: 55–65.
Balasubramaniam, T., Shen, G., Esmaeili, N. and Zhang, H. (2023). Plants’ response mechanisms to salinity stress. Plants 12: doi:10.3390/ plants12122253.
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P. and Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39: 205–207. doi:10.1007/BF00018060.
Choi, H. W. and Hwang, B. K. (2012). The pepper extracellular peroxidase CaPO2 is required for salt, drought and oxidative stress tolerance as well as resistance to fungal pathogens. Planta 235: 1369–82. doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1580-z.
Elkhatib, H., Gabr, S. M. and Elazomy, A. A. (2021). Salt stress relief and growth-promoting effect of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) by glutathione, selenium, and humic acid application. Alex. Sci. Exch. J. 42: 583–608. doi:10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2021.183461.
Garcia-Elias, A., Alloza, L., Puigdecanet, E., Nonell, L., Tajes, M., Curado, J., Enjuanes, C., Díaz, O., Bruguera, J. and Martí-Almor, J. (2017). Defining quantification methods and optimizing protocols for microarray hybridization of circulating microRNAs. Sci. Rep. 7: doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08134-3.
George, D. and Mallery, P. (2024). IBM SPSS Statistics 29 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 18th Edn. New York: Routledge. pp. 440.
Hamzah, N. A. and Raheif, E. S. (2018). Purification and properties of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from Tamarix aphylla L. Cell. Mol. Biol. Noisy--Gd. Fr. 64: 19–23. doi:10.14715/cmb/2018.64.7.4.
Hussein, H. E. and Alwash, B. M. (2016). Induction of genetic variation for salt tolerance in tissue culture of Capsicum annuum L. J. Biotechnol. Res. Cent. 10: 15–20.
Iranbakhsh, A., Oraghi Ardebili, Z., Oraghi Ardebili, N., Ghoranneviss, M. and Safari, N. (2018). Cold plasma relieved toxicity signs of nano zinc oxide in capsicum annuum cayenne via modifying growth, differentiation, and physiology. Acta Physiol. Plant. 40: 1–14. doi:10.1007/s11738-018-2730-8.
Jiang, J., Jiangang, L. I. and Yuanhua, D. (2018). Effect of cold plasma treatment on seedling growth and nutrient absorption of tomato. Plasma Sci. Technol. 20: 1–4. doi:10.1088/2058-6272/aaa0bf.
Lee, H.-W., Lee, H.-M., Yoon, S.-R., Kim, S. H. and Ha, J.-H. (2018). Pretreatment with propidium monoazide/sodium lauroyl sarcosinate improves discrimination of infectious waterborne virus by RT-qPCR combined with magnetic separation. Environ. Pollut. 233: 306–14. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.081.
Leones, K. D., Zambrano, D. J., Corozo-Quiñónez, L., Macías-Ponce, F., Saltos-Rezabala, L. A., Monteros-Altamirano, Á., Arteaga-Alcívar, F. and Guambi, L. A. D. (2025). Comparison of capsicum genotypes under in vitro saline stress induced by different concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2. Sarhad J. Agric. 41: 360–72. doi:10.17582/journal.sja/2025/41.1.360.372.
Li, J., Bai, X., Ran, F., Zhang, C., Yan, Y., Li, P. and Chen, H. (2024). Effects of combined extreme cold and drought stress on growth, photosynthesis, and physiological characteristics of cool-season grasses. Sci. Rep. 14: doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49531-1.
Luhová, L., Lebeda, A., Hedererová, D. and Peč, P. (2003). Activities of amine oxidase, peroxidase and catalase in seedlings of Pisum sativum L. under different light conditions. Plant Soil Environ. 49: 151–57. doi:10.17221/4106-PSE.
Maiti, R. K. and Singh, V. P. (2019). A review on mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to drought, high and low temperature and salinity. Farm. Manage. 4: 19-37.
Maitra, S., Sairam, M., Santosh, D. T., Gaikwad, D. J., and Sahoo, U. (2024). Growth, productivity and quality of colored capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) as influenced by hybrids and plant growth regulators under controlled environment conditions. Res. Crop. 25: 328-35.
Maryum, Z., Luqman, T., Nadeem, S., Khan, S. M. U. D., Wang, B., Ditta, A. and Khan, M. K. R. (2022). An overview of salinity stress, mechanism of salinity tolerance and strategies for its management in cotton. Front. Plant Sci. 13: 1–22. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.907937.
Meng, Y.-C., Zhang, H.-F., Pan, X.-X., Chen, N., Hu, H.-F., Haq, S. ul, Khan, A. and Chen, R.-G. (2021). CaDHN3, a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) dehydrin gene enhances the tolerance against salt and drought stresses by reducing ROS accumulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22: 3205–23. doi:10.3390/ ijms22063205.
Padrón, R. A. R., Lopes, S. J., Swarowsky, A., Cerquera, R. R., Nogueira, C. U. and Maffei, M. (2016). Non-destructive models to estimate leaf area on bell pepper crop. Ciênc. Rural 46: 1938–44. doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20151324.
Ranganna, S. (1977). Manual of Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable Products. Tata McGraw-Hill. pp: 634.
Schmittgen, T. D. and Livak, K. J. (2008). Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nat. Protoc. 3: 1101–08. doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.73.
Shelar, A., Singh, V., Dietrich, A., Singh, P., Maharjan, R., Thissen, A., Didwal, N., Shinde, P., Laux, M., Luch, P. A., Mathe, V., Jahnke, T., Chaskar, M. and Patil, R. (2022). Emerging cold plasma treatment and machine learning prospects for seed priming: a step towards sustainable food production. RSC Adv 12: 10467–88. doi:10.1039/D2RA00809B.
Shukla, G., Tyagi, A., Singh, D.., Gaurav, S. S. and Singh, A. (2025). Zinc nano particles for enhancing salinity stress resilience in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Res. 60: 103-10.
Simms, D., Cizdziel, P. E. and Chomczynski, P. (1993). TRIzol: A new reagent for optimal single-step isolation of RNA. Focus 15: 532–35.
Tardast, Z., Iranbakhsh, A., Ebadi, M. and Oraghi Ardebili, Z. (2024). Seed priming with corona discharge plasma modified growth performance, improved metabolism, and elicited production of tropane alkaloids in Datura inoxia seedlings; plasma technology for application in plant in‐vitro cultures. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 64: 1–16. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3223423/v1.
Thisawech, M., Saritnum, O., Sarapirom, S., Prakrajang, K. and Phakham, W. (2020). Effects of plasma technique and gamma irradiation on seed germination and seedling growth of chili pepper. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 47: 73-82.
Veerana, M., Ketya, W., Choi, E.-H. and Park, G. (2024). Non-thermal plasma enhances growth and salinity tolerance of bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) in hydroponic culture. Front. Plant Sci. 15: 1–16. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1445791.
Yasoob, A. N. (2025). Verification and demonstration of the ability of plasma generated from dielectric barrier discharge to oxidize. Baghdad Sci. J. 22: 1295–303. doi:10.21123/ bsj.2024.11217.
Yue, Y., Su, L., Hao, M., Li, W., Zeng, L. and Yan, S. (2021). Evaluation of peroxidase in herbal medicines based on an electrochemical sensor. Front. Chem. 9: 1–6. doi:10.3389/fchem. 2021.709487.
