Loading...

Effects of cold plasma and serotonin on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)


Citation :- Effects of cold plasma and serotonin on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Res. Crop. 27: 129-134
MUSHTAK F. KAROMI KISKO, NOOR YASOOB A. AND HAMID H. MURBAT mushtakkisko@csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Address : Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq
Submitted Date : 31-12-2025
Accepted Date : 22-01-2026

Abstract

Tomato is an economically important crop rich in antioxidants, yet poor seed germination during harsh winter conditions remains a major constraint to productivity. Although cold plasma technology and serotonin are known to enhance seed vigour, growth, and physiological processes through ROS regulation, their combined or individual effects on tomato growth and yield are not fully understood.  Therefore, this study was carried out at the department of biology, college of science for women, university of Baghdad, between January and July 2024, to assessed the effects of cold plasma and exogenous serotonin on seed germination, growth traits, and yield of tomato. Hybrid tomato seeds (JEDA) were subjected to plasma jet treatments for different durations (0, 60 and 180 seconds) and then treated with serotonin foliar sprays at three concentrations (0, 100, and 200 µmol/L) as a factorial experiment (3×3) following a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and 5 plants per replicate. Results showed a significant increase in the percentage and speed of seed germination, especially after 60 s plasma exposure. Vegetative parameters, such as plant height, and leaf area, were notably improved with combined plasma and serotonin treatments. Additionally, Chlorophyll levels increased from 62.92 to 78.26 mg/100g, vitamin C by 33.3%. Notably, the combination of 60 s plasma with 100 µmol/L serotonin increased yield to 1577.7 from 432.5 g/plant in the control. These findings highlight the potential of non-thermal plasma and serotonin as eco-friendly, sustainable approaches to enhance tomato productivity.

Keywords

Cold plasma germination serotonin tomato vitamin C yield

References

Abbasi, B.H., Younas, M., Anjum, S., Ahmad, N., Ali, M., Fazal, H. and Hano, C. (2020). Serotonin in plant signalling and communication. In Neurotransmitters in plant signaling and communication. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp: 75-92.  doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54478-2_4.
Adhikari, B., Adhikari, M., Ghimire, B., Adhikari, B. C., Park, G. and Choi, E. H. (2020). Cold plasma seed priming modulates growth, redox homeostasis and stress response by inducing reactive species in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Free Radi. Biol. Med. 156: 57-69. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.003.
Billah, M., Sajib, S. A., Roy, N. C., Rashid, M. M., Reza, M. A., Hasan, M. M. and Talukder, M. R. (2020). Effects of DBD air plasma treatment on the enhancement of black gram (Vigna mungo l.) seed germination and growth. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 681:  doi:10.1016/ j.abb.2020.108253.
Chatterjee, R. (2022). Fundamental concepts and discussion of plasma physics. TRJTM 2: 1-14. doi:10.31305/trjtm2022.v02.n01.001.
Gambacorta, G., Fasani, E., Negri, S., Giuliani, N., Avesani, L., Guzzo, F. and Commisso, M. (2025). Exploring the role of tryptamine and serotonin in tomato reproductive development. In Abstract Book-XIX International Solanaceae Conference. 19: 168. SOL2024 Organizing Committee.  www.hdl.handle.net/ 11562/1165712.
Gambacorta, G., Negri, S., Commisso, M., Avesani, L. and Guzzo, F. (2023). A metabolic engineering approach to investigate the serotonin metabolic pathway of Solanum lycopersicum. In Riunione annuale dei Gruppi di Lavoro SBI Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare Biotecnologie e Differenziamento. pp: 42. www.hdl.handle.net/11562/1165728.
Hazarika, P., Kumar, A. and Das, D. (2023). Evaluating pre-sowing seed treatment on the germination of important forest fruit plant species. Crop Res. 58: 250-59.
Iranbakhsh, A., Ardebili, Z. O., Ardebili, N. O., Ghoranneviss, M. and Safari, N. (2018). Cold plasma relieved toxicity signs of nano zinc oxide in Capsicum annuum Cayenne via modifying growth, differentiation and physiology. Acta Physiol. Plant. 40: doi:10.1007/ s11738-018-2730-8.
Jia, S., Zhang, N., Ji, H., Zhang, X., Dong, C., Yu, J., Yan, S., Chen, C. and Liang, L. (2022). Effects of atmospheric cold plasma treatment on the storage quality and chlorophyll metabolism of postharvest tomato. Foods 11: doi:10.3390/foods11244088.
Karthik, C., Sarngadharan, S. C. and Thomas, V. (2024). Low-temperature plasma techniques in biomedical applications and therapeutics: an overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25:  doi:10.3390/ijms25010524.
Letsoalo, M. M., Mashela, P. W. and Ndhlala, A. R. (2024). Seed priming by cold scarification and Moringa-based bio-stimulant on the germination of Artemisia afra. Res. Crop. 25: 172-80.
Mohammad, A., Vu, B. L., Vu, J. L., Bizouerne, E., Buitink, J. and Leprince, O. (2024). Pre-and post-harvest temperatures influence the germination response to supra-optimal temperature in contrasting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MAGIC genotypes. Seed Sci. Res. 34: 194–206. doi:10.1017/S0960258524000217.
Pańka, D., Jeske, M., Łukanowski, A., Baturo-Cieśniewska, A., Prus, P., Maitah, M., Maitah, K., Malec, K., Rymarz, D., Muhire, J. D. and Szwarc, K. (2022). Can cold plasma be used for boosting plant growth and plant protection in sustainable plant production?. Agronomy 12: doi:10.3390/agronomy12040841.
Pérez, C. M., Ayala, C. R., Ruiz, A. M., Bustamante, W. O., Islas, J. D. R. R., Hernández, R. A., Ordaz, A. L. and Ramírez, F. N. (2022). Leaf area and its impact in yield and quality of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 54: 57-69. doi:10.48162/rev.39.065.
Priatama, R. A., Pervitasari, A. N., Park, S., Park, S. J. and Lee, Y. K. (2022). Current advancements in the molecular mechanism of plasma treatment for seed germination and plant growth. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23: doi:10.3390/ijms23094609.
SAS (2018). Statistical analysis system, User’s guide Statistical. Version 9.6th. ed. SAS Inst. Inc. Cary. N.C, USA. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69239-5.
Sriruksa, C., Sawangrat, C., Sansongsiri, S., Boonyawan, D. and Thanapornpoonpong, S. N. (2025). Influence of seed coat integrity on the response of pepper seeds to dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment. Plants 14: doi:10.3390/plants14131938.
Starič, P., Vogel-Mikuš, K., Mozetič, M. and Junkar, I. (2020). Effects of nonthermal plasma on morphology, genetics and physiology of seeds: A review. Plants 9doi:10.3390/plants9121736.
Sultan, S. M. E., Yousef, A. F., Ali, W. M., Mohamed, A. A. A., Ahmed, A. M., Shalaby, M. E., Teiba, I. I., Hassan, A. M., Younes, N. A. and Kotb, E. F. (2024). Cold atmospheric plasma enhances morphological and biochemical attributes of tomato seedlings. BMC Plant Biol. 24: doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04961-5.
Tobe, O. K., Atala, T. K., Saddiq, N. M. and Damisa, M. (2023). Factors influencing the adoption of improved tomato post-harvest loss management practices among farmers in north-west zone of Nigeria. Farm. Manage. 8: 36-43.
Wan, J., Zhang, P., Wang, R., Sun, L., Ju, Q. and Xu, J. (2018). Comparative physiological responses and transcriptome analysis reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in regulating growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol18:  doi:10.1186/s12870-018-1548-2.
Wang, J., Cheng, J. H. and Sun, D. W. (2023). Enhancement of wheat seed germination, seedling growth and nutritional properties of wheat plantlet juice by plasma activated water. J. Plant Growth Regul. 42: 2006–22. doi:10.1007/s00344-022-10677-3.
Zauq, S., Javad, S., Shahzadi, K., Shah, A. A. and Singh, A. (2024). Phytomelatonin: history, biosynthesis, and response. In: Faizan, M., Hayat, S. (Eds) Plant Growth Regulators: Resilience for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. pp: 147-72. doi:10. 1007/978-981-97-2918-0_9.

Global Footprints