Abdel-Hafiz, A. A. (2010). Effects of foliar fertilization with micronutrient chelates using amino acids on horticultural crops. Scientific Bulletin, The Scientific Library of Al-Muttahidoon Agricultural Development Company and Ain Shams University, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Ahmed, T. S. and Salih, A. Y. (2023). Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid, magnesium, and iron on the seedlings of citrus medica. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 54: 388–98. doi:10.36103/ijas.v54i2.
Ajith, D., Anburani, A. and Naik, B. P. K. (2025). Effect of foliar application of nano nutrients on growth and yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Yellow Benz Tall. Crop Res. 60: 191-96.
AI-Rubaei, S. M., Hassan, M. A., Abdullah, K. M. and Abood, R. H. (2022). Effect of spraying different concentrations of Wokozim and Reef amiri on growth of jujube (Ziziphus spinachristi), Tufahi cultivar saplings. Int. J. Agric. Stat. Sci. 1: 1561–66.
Alasafi, Z. M. and Almosawy, A. N. (2020). Effect of optimus plus nanoparticles on some characteristics of the growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). Plant Archives 20: 746–52.
AL-Hchami, S. H. J., Khaleel, S. A. and Salloom, Y. F. (2020). Effect of the foliar application of chelated iron and salicylic acid on specific characteristics of fig saplings. Plant Archives 20: 1001-07.
Al-Hgemi, S. H. J. and Al-Khafaji, M. A. (2016). Effect of CO2 enrichment and foliar spray Agroleaf and Kelpak on leaves content of N, P, K, protein and carbohydrate of smooth peach transplants. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 47(Spl. Issue): 106–11.
Al-Zubade, A. and Al-Ubori, R. N. (2024). Impact of nano-potassium foliar application on bread wheat cultivars for enhanced sustainable production. Res. Crop. 25: 388-93.
Al-Mawsili, M. A. (2011). Soil fertility and nutrition of horticultural plants. Dar Ibn Al-Atheer for printing and publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Al-Qudsi, Y., Al-Khader, A., Al-Gharibi, I., Al-Salem, S. H., Muhammad, A. and Al-Manoufi. A. (2021). The role of nanotechnology in improving the productivity of grain crops and its support for the agricultural economy at the current stage. Appl. Sci. 9: doi:10.3390/app9030499.
Al-Rakhawi, A. (1994). Biological agriculture technology and biological control (benefits, applications, and alternatives to quality pesticides. Ibn Sina Publishing, Distribution, and Export Library, Cairo, Egypt.
Al-Rawi, K. M. and Allah, A. K. (2000). Design and analysis of agricultural experiments. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Mosul University Press, Iraq.
Amar, S. (2003). Fruit physiology and production. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
AOAC (1980). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis. 13th Edn. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Asmail, M. H., Almohammedi, O., Sekhi, Y. S. and Ismail, M. (2023). A review of nano fertilization and its role on growth, yield and quality characteristics of fruit trees. Tikrit J. Agric. Sci. 23:158-67. doi:10.25130/tjas.23.1.18.
Bharagava, B. S. and Raghupathi, H. B. (1999). Analysis of plant materials for macro and micronutrients. In Tandon, H. L. S. (Ed.), Methods of Analysis of Soil, Plants, Water, and Fertilizer. Bing Printers L-14, Lagpat Nagar, New Delhi. pp: 49–82.
Dvornic, V. (1965). Lucrai Practice de Ampelografic. Ed. Dideatica si Pedagogiea, Bucuresti, R.S.R., Romania. (C. F. Alwan 1986, M.Sc. Thesis, Mosul University, Iraq.
Focus (2003). The importance of micronutrients in the region and benefits of including them in fertilizer. Agroqualitys Report 1: 15–22.
Hunt, R. (1978). Plant growth analysis studies in biol. (96). Edward Arnold, (Pub 1.) Ltd. London.
Jemison, J. and. Williams, M. (2006). Potato grain study project report water quality office. University of Maine Cooperative Extension, U.S.A. http://www.main.edu
Jundiya, H. (2003). Physiology of fruit trees. The Arab Publishing and Distribution House, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Kanwal, A., Sharma, I., Singh, R. and Rana, M. K. (2024). Nanotechnology for sustainability of agriculture and environment: Green synthesis and application of nanoparticles – A review. Res. Crop. 25: 578-91.
Kawade K, Tabeta H., Ferjani, A. and Hirai, M. Y. (2023). The roles of functional amino acids in plant growth and development. Plant Cell Physiol. 64: 1482–93. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcad071.
Khalil, N. H. and Hammoodi, J. K. (2020). Effect of nitrogen، potassium and calcium in strawberry fruit quality. Int. J. Agric. Stat. Sci. 16 (Suppl. 1): 1967-72.
Khardia, N., Meena, R., Jat, G., Sharma, S., Kumawat, H., Dhayal, S., Meena, A. K. and. Sharma, K. (2022). Soil properties influenced by the foliar application of nano fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) crop. Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. 34: 99–111.
Khudair, S. M. and Al-Mousawi, A. N. (2014). Effect of foliar spraying with different concentrations of boron and iron on the growth traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) Khastawi cultivar. Karbala Univ. Sci. J. 12: 30–37.
Licznar-Małańczuk, M. (2025). Impact of high nitrogen doses and living mulch on growth, yield and fruit quality of young apple trees (cv.‘sampion’). Agriculture 15: doi:10.3390/agriculture 15070724.
Mahawar, L., Ramasamy, K. P., Pandey, A. and Prasad, S. M. (2023). Iron deficiency in plants: an update on homeostasis and its regulation by nitric oxide and phytohormones. Plant Growth Regul. 100: 283–99.
Majeed, A. W. and Judy, A. T. (2016). The effect of nitrogen, iron, and the method of addition on the content of some nutritional elements in apple leaves. Al-Furat J. Agric. Sci. 8: 9–13.
Minnotti, P. L, Halseth, D. E. and. Sieczka, J. B. (1994). Chlorophyll measurement to assess the nitrogen status of potato varieties. Hort. Sci. 29: 1497–1500.
Ning, X., Line. M., Huang, G., Mao, J., Gao, Z. and Wang, X. (2023). Research progress on iron absorption, transport, and molecular regulation strategy in plants. Front Plant Sci. 3: doi:10.3389/ fpls.2023.1190768.
Salih, A. Y, Hamdan, A. Q. and. Tarkan, S. M. (2024). Effect of spraying BA and Zn on vegetative and root system growth of plum saplings. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 55: 453–58. doi:10.36103/pc2j7e81.
Shukri, W. M. and Al-Muqaddam, L. A. (2012). Fundamental principles of plant-water relations and mineral nutrition. Al-Mutanabbi Library, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Singh, V. (2024). An overview of chemical fertilizers and their use in crops. Farm. Manage. 9: 53-62
Solanki, P, Bhargava, A, Chhipa, H, Jain, N. and Panwar, J. (2015). Nano fertilizers and their smart delivery system. In Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. pp: 81–101.
Soni, S. K., Dogra, S., Sharma, A., Thakur, B., Yadav, J., Kapil, A. and Soni, R. (2024) Nanotechnology in agriculture: enhancing crop productivity with sustainable nano-fertilizers and nano-biofertilizers. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 24: 6526–59.
Tarkan, J, M. and Hamdan, A. Q. (2022). Effect of foliar spraying with calcium and a mixture of phosphorous and potassium on growth of orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) Washington Navel Variety. Int. J. Agric. Stat. Sci. 19: 77–82. doi:10.59467/IJASS.2023.19.7.
Thkraa, S. A. and Salih, A. Y. (2023). Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid, magnesium, and iron on the seedlings of Citrus medica L. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 54: 388–98. doi:10.36103/ijas.v54i2.
Ye, J. Y., Tian, W. H. and Jin C. W. (2022) Nitrogen in plants: From nutrition to the modulation of abiotic stress adaptation. Stress Biol. 2: doi:10.1007/s44154-021-00030-1.
Yousif, H. Y. (2002). Production of deciduous fruits: between theory and application. Dar Zahran for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Du, M., Shou, G., Wang, Z. and Xu, G. (2022). Nitrogen as a regulator for flowering time in plants. Plant Soil 480: 1–29. doi:10.1007/s11104-022-05608-w.
Ahmed, T. S. and Salih, A. Y. (2023). Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid, magnesium, and iron on the seedlings of citrus medica. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 54: 388–98. doi:10.36103/ijas.v54i2.
Ajith, D., Anburani, A. and Naik, B. P. K. (2025). Effect of foliar application of nano nutrients on growth and yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Yellow Benz Tall. Crop Res. 60: 191-96.
AI-Rubaei, S. M., Hassan, M. A., Abdullah, K. M. and Abood, R. H. (2022). Effect of spraying different concentrations of Wokozim and Reef amiri on growth of jujube (Ziziphus spinachristi), Tufahi cultivar saplings. Int. J. Agric. Stat. Sci. 1: 1561–66.
Alasafi, Z. M. and Almosawy, A. N. (2020). Effect of optimus plus nanoparticles on some characteristics of the growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). Plant Archives 20: 746–52.
AL-Hchami, S. H. J., Khaleel, S. A. and Salloom, Y. F. (2020). Effect of the foliar application of chelated iron and salicylic acid on specific characteristics of fig saplings. Plant Archives 20: 1001-07.
Al-Hgemi, S. H. J. and Al-Khafaji, M. A. (2016). Effect of CO2 enrichment and foliar spray Agroleaf and Kelpak on leaves content of N, P, K, protein and carbohydrate of smooth peach transplants. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 47(Spl. Issue): 106–11.
Al-Zubade, A. and Al-Ubori, R. N. (2024). Impact of nano-potassium foliar application on bread wheat cultivars for enhanced sustainable production. Res. Crop. 25: 388-93.
Al-Mawsili, M. A. (2011). Soil fertility and nutrition of horticultural plants. Dar Ibn Al-Atheer for printing and publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Al-Qudsi, Y., Al-Khader, A., Al-Gharibi, I., Al-Salem, S. H., Muhammad, A. and Al-Manoufi. A. (2021). The role of nanotechnology in improving the productivity of grain crops and its support for the agricultural economy at the current stage. Appl. Sci. 9: doi:10.3390/app9030499.
Al-Rakhawi, A. (1994). Biological agriculture technology and biological control (benefits, applications, and alternatives to quality pesticides. Ibn Sina Publishing, Distribution, and Export Library, Cairo, Egypt.
Al-Rawi, K. M. and Allah, A. K. (2000). Design and analysis of agricultural experiments. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Mosul University Press, Iraq.
Amar, S. (2003). Fruit physiology and production. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
AOAC (1980). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis. 13th Edn. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Asmail, M. H., Almohammedi, O., Sekhi, Y. S. and Ismail, M. (2023). A review of nano fertilization and its role on growth, yield and quality characteristics of fruit trees. Tikrit J. Agric. Sci. 23:158-67. doi:10.25130/tjas.23.1.18.
Bharagava, B. S. and Raghupathi, H. B. (1999). Analysis of plant materials for macro and micronutrients. In Tandon, H. L. S. (Ed.), Methods of Analysis of Soil, Plants, Water, and Fertilizer. Bing Printers L-14, Lagpat Nagar, New Delhi. pp: 49–82.
Dvornic, V. (1965). Lucrai Practice de Ampelografic. Ed. Dideatica si Pedagogiea, Bucuresti, R.S.R., Romania. (C. F. Alwan 1986, M.Sc. Thesis, Mosul University, Iraq.
Focus (2003). The importance of micronutrients in the region and benefits of including them in fertilizer. Agroqualitys Report 1: 15–22.
Hunt, R. (1978). Plant growth analysis studies in biol. (96). Edward Arnold, (Pub 1.) Ltd. London.
Jemison, J. and. Williams, M. (2006). Potato grain study project report water quality office. University of Maine Cooperative Extension, U.S.A. http://www.main.edu
Jundiya, H. (2003). Physiology of fruit trees. The Arab Publishing and Distribution House, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Kanwal, A., Sharma, I., Singh, R. and Rana, M. K. (2024). Nanotechnology for sustainability of agriculture and environment: Green synthesis and application of nanoparticles – A review. Res. Crop. 25: 578-91.
Kawade K, Tabeta H., Ferjani, A. and Hirai, M. Y. (2023). The roles of functional amino acids in plant growth and development. Plant Cell Physiol. 64: 1482–93. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcad071.
Khalil, N. H. and Hammoodi, J. K. (2020). Effect of nitrogen، potassium and calcium in strawberry fruit quality. Int. J. Agric. Stat. Sci. 16 (Suppl. 1): 1967-72.
Khardia, N., Meena, R., Jat, G., Sharma, S., Kumawat, H., Dhayal, S., Meena, A. K. and. Sharma, K. (2022). Soil properties influenced by the foliar application of nano fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) crop. Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. 34: 99–111.
Khudair, S. M. and Al-Mousawi, A. N. (2014). Effect of foliar spraying with different concentrations of boron and iron on the growth traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) Khastawi cultivar. Karbala Univ. Sci. J. 12: 30–37.
Licznar-Małańczuk, M. (2025). Impact of high nitrogen doses and living mulch on growth, yield and fruit quality of young apple trees (cv.‘sampion’). Agriculture 15: doi:10.3390/agriculture 15070724.
Mahawar, L., Ramasamy, K. P., Pandey, A. and Prasad, S. M. (2023). Iron deficiency in plants: an update on homeostasis and its regulation by nitric oxide and phytohormones. Plant Growth Regul. 100: 283–99.
Majeed, A. W. and Judy, A. T. (2016). The effect of nitrogen, iron, and the method of addition on the content of some nutritional elements in apple leaves. Al-Furat J. Agric. Sci. 8: 9–13.
Minnotti, P. L, Halseth, D. E. and. Sieczka, J. B. (1994). Chlorophyll measurement to assess the nitrogen status of potato varieties. Hort. Sci. 29: 1497–1500.
Ning, X., Line. M., Huang, G., Mao, J., Gao, Z. and Wang, X. (2023). Research progress on iron absorption, transport, and molecular regulation strategy in plants. Front Plant Sci. 3: doi:10.3389/ fpls.2023.1190768.
Salih, A. Y, Hamdan, A. Q. and. Tarkan, S. M. (2024). Effect of spraying BA and Zn on vegetative and root system growth of plum saplings. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 55: 453–58. doi:10.36103/pc2j7e81.
Shukri, W. M. and Al-Muqaddam, L. A. (2012). Fundamental principles of plant-water relations and mineral nutrition. Al-Mutanabbi Library, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Singh, V. (2024). An overview of chemical fertilizers and their use in crops. Farm. Manage. 9: 53-62
Solanki, P, Bhargava, A, Chhipa, H, Jain, N. and Panwar, J. (2015). Nano fertilizers and their smart delivery system. In Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. pp: 81–101.
Soni, S. K., Dogra, S., Sharma, A., Thakur, B., Yadav, J., Kapil, A. and Soni, R. (2024) Nanotechnology in agriculture: enhancing crop productivity with sustainable nano-fertilizers and nano-biofertilizers. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 24: 6526–59.
Tarkan, J, M. and Hamdan, A. Q. (2022). Effect of foliar spraying with calcium and a mixture of phosphorous and potassium on growth of orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) Washington Navel Variety. Int. J. Agric. Stat. Sci. 19: 77–82. doi:10.59467/IJASS.2023.19.7.
Thkraa, S. A. and Salih, A. Y. (2023). Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid, magnesium, and iron on the seedlings of Citrus medica L. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 54: 388–98. doi:10.36103/ijas.v54i2.
Ye, J. Y., Tian, W. H. and Jin C. W. (2022) Nitrogen in plants: From nutrition to the modulation of abiotic stress adaptation. Stress Biol. 2: doi:10.1007/s44154-021-00030-1.
Yousif, H. Y. (2002). Production of deciduous fruits: between theory and application. Dar Zahran for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Du, M., Shou, G., Wang, Z. and Xu, G. (2022). Nitrogen as a regulator for flowering time in plants. Plant Soil 480: 1–29. doi:10.1007/s11104-022-05608-w.
