Loading...

Toxicity of several insecticides against fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory


Citation :- Toxicity of several insecticides against fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory. Res. Crop. 25: 356-361
AGUS SUSANTO, WAHYU DARADJAT NATAWIGENA, YAYAN SUMEKAR AND ARIEF NASRULLAH HIDAYATH asusanto@unpad.ac.id
Address : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Indonesia
Submitted Date : 22-02-2024
Accepted Date : 19-04-2024

Abstract

Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae are major pests of various commodities that could cause significant losses, if not controlled. Insecticide usage is a common control carried out by farmers. The test was conducted to determine the toxicity level of several types of insecticides on the mortality of two different fruit fly species. The fruit fly population used in the study came from the collection owned by Center for Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT), Karawang. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design. The test was carried out using the dry film method. The concentration ranges used were 0.02-1 ml/L fipronil insecticide, 0.01-0.6 ml/L ethion insecticide, 0.02-0.6 ml/L deltamethrin insecticide, and 0.02-0.8 ml/L lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. The control treatment used was acetone alone. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Mortality was observed at 1, 3, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Cumulative mortality at 48 hours after treatment was analyzed using probit to determine the LC50 and LC95 values ​​at 48 hours. The results showed that the insecticide deltamethrin was the most toxic insecticide to B. carambolae with an LC50 value of 0.025 ml/L and an LC95 of 0.646 ml/L. Ethion was the most toxic insecticide for B. dorsalis with LC50 values ​​of 0.046 ml/L and LC95 of 0.746 ml/L. The LC50 values ​​of all insecticide treatments for two different species were below the recommended concentrations.

Keywords

B. carambolae B. dorsalis deltamethrin ethion fipronil toxicity

References

Adán, Á., Viñuela, E., Bengochea, P., Budia, F., Del Estal, P., Aguado, P. and Medina, P. (2011). Lethal and sublethal toxicity of fipronil and imidacloprid on Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Econ. Ent. 104: 1541-49. doi:10.1603/EC11019.
Allwood, A. J. and Leblanc, L. (1997). Losses caused by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in seven Pacific Island countries. In: Aciar Proceedings Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 208-211.
Aqwiyah, M. K. (2018). Toksisitas Empat Jenis Insektisida terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas dan Oviposisi Lalat Buah, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) di Laboratorium. [Skripsi]. Bogor: IPB University.
Busvine, J. R. (1971). A critical review of the technique for testing insecticide. 2nd Edn. England: Commonwealth Agricultural Fanham Royal, pp. 263-76.
Chen, P. and Ye, H. (2007). Population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and analysis of factors influencing populations in Baoshanba, Yunnan, China. Entomol. Sci. 10: 141-47. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2007.00208.x.
Clarke, A. R., Armstrong, K. F., Carmichael, A. E., Milne, J. R., Raghu, S., Roderick, G. K.  and Yeates, D. K. (2005). Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 50, 293-319.  doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130428.
Clarke, A. R., Li, Z., Qin, Y., Zhao, Z., Liu, L. and Schutze, M. K. (2019). Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is not invasive through Asia: It’s been there all along. J. Appl. Entomol.  2019: doi:10.1111/jen.12649.
Cole, L. M., Nicholson, R. A. and Casida, J. E. (1993). Action of phenylpyrazole insecticides at the GABA-Gated Chloride Channel. Pesticide Biochem. Physiol. 46: 47–54. doi:10.1006/PEST.1993.1035.
Haider, H., Ahmed, S. and Khan, R. R. (2011). Determination of level of insecticide resistance in fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) by bait bioassay. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 13: 815-18.
He, L. M., Troiano, J., Wang, A.  and Goh, K. (2008). Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicity, and Fate of Lambda-cyhalothrin. In: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Springer, New York, NY. pp. 71-91. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77030-7_3.
Hsu, J. C. and Feng, H. T. (2000). Insecticide susceptibility of the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Taiwan. Chinese J. Entomol20: 109-18.
Khairani, A. (2020). Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Nothopanax scutelleriu dan Insektisida Beta-Siflutrin terhadap Lalat Buah Bactrocera carambolae. [Skripsi]. Bogor: IPB University, Jakarta.
Raga, A., Baldo, F. B., e Silva, S. B., da Silva Ferreira, L. K., Galdino, L. T.  and Sato, M. E. (2019). Toxicity of different dilutions of spinosad bait against two fruit-fly species (Dipetra:Tephritidae). J. Exp. Agric. Int. 32: 1-11. doi:10.9734/JEAI/2019/v32i230098.
Rehman, H., Aziz, A.T., Saggu, S., Abbas, Z. K., Mohan, A. and Ansari, A. A. (2014). Systematic review on pyrethroid toxicity with special reference to deltamethrin. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud2:  60-70.
Reigart, J. R. and Roberts, J. R., (2013). Recognition and management of pesticide poisonings 6th edition. US Environmental Protection Agency. pp. 43-44.
Sabbour, M. M. and Abd El-Aziz, S. E. (2022). Bio-insecticidal and seed protectant effects of four essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus and Callosobruchus chinensis during storage. Res. Crop. 23: 676-81.
Sahetapy, B., Uluputty, M. R. and Naibu, L. (2019). Identifikasi lalat buah (Bactrocera spp), pada tanaman cabai (Capsicum Annum L.) dan belimbing (Averrhoa Carambola L.) di Kecamatan Salahutu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Agrikultura 30: 63-74.
doi:10.24198/agrikultura.v30i2.23659.
Sarwar, M. (2015). Biological control program to manage fruit fly pests and related tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae) in backyard, landscape and garden. Int. J. Anim. Biol1: 118-23.
Sparks, T. C., Crossthwaite, A. J., Nauen, R., Banba, S., Cordova, D., Earley, F. and Wessels, F. J. (2020). Insecticides, biologics and nematicides: Updates to IRAC’s mode of action classification-a tool for resistance management. Pesticide Biochem. Physiol.  doi:10. 1016/j.pestbp.2020.104587.
Susanto, A., Supriyadi, Y., Tohidin, T., Susniahti, N. and Hafizh, V. (2017). Fluktuasi populasi lalat buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) pada pertanaman cabai merah (Capsicum Annuum) di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Agrikultura. 28. doi.org/ 10.24198/agrikultura.v28i3.15747.
Vargas, R. I., Piñero, J. C.  and Leblanc, L. (2015). An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the pacific region. Insects 6: 297-18. doi:10.3390/insects6020297.
Wang, J. J., Wei, D., Dou, W., Hu, F., Liu, W. F.  and Wang, J. J. (2013). Toxicities and synergistic effects of several insecticides against the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Econ. Ent. 106: 970-78. doi:10.1603/ec12434.
WHO (1998). Test Procedures for Insecticide Resistance Monitoring in Malaria Vectors. Bio-Efficacy and Persistence of Insecticides on Treated Surfaces. Document WHO/CDS/CPC/MAL/98.12. World Health Organization, Geneva.

Global Footprints