Loading...

Development of non-phytotoxic concentration for Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on sweet potato cultivar 'Bophelo'


Citation :- Development of non-phytotoxic concentration for Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on sweet potato cultivar 'Bophelo'. Res. Crop. 24: 613-617
K. P. MALATJI, K. M. POFU and P. W. MASHELA Phatu.mashela@ul.ac.za
Address : University of Limpopo, Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence,, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Republic of South Africa
Submitted Date : 19-04-2023
Accepted Date : 28-06-2023

Abstract

Phytonematicides are being used as an alternative to synthetic chemical nematicides for managing population densities of the root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes in the production of crops. However, due to their origin from allelochemicals, phytonematicides have the potential of being phytotoxic and thereby inducing unintended crop losses. The incident is being managed through a computer-based model, which provides the non-phytotoxic concentration that should be applied at each application interval, with inherent attributes of being plant-specific. The objective of this study was to investigate the non-phytotoxic concentration of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo' and associated overall sensitivity (∑k) of the cultivar to the product. The trial was initiated during autumn (February-April) 2021 and validated in 2022 in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Geometric concentrations of the product, applied weekly, were randomly assigned with five replications. At 56 days after the treatment, plant variables were collected, prepared, and subjected to the computer-assisted model, with the non-phytotoxic concentration, Mean Concentration Stimulation Point (MCSP), computed at 2.18 % Nemafric-BL for cv. 'Bophelo', with (∑k) = 0. In conclusion, the application of 2.18 % Nemafric-BL would not induce phytotoxicity to sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo'.

Keywords

Allelochemicals CARD model MCSP phytonematicide sweet potato stimulation point


References

Cervantes-Flores, J. C. (2000). Root-knot nematode resistance in sweet potato and development of sweet potato differential host genotypes for Meloidogyne species. Master’s Dissertation, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America.
FAO (1998). FAO Production Yearbook of 1997. Vol 51. Rome, Italy.
Garnier, E. and Vancaeyzeele, S. (1994). Carbon and nitrogen content of congeneric annual and perennial grass species: Relationships with growth. Plant, Cell Environ. 17: 399-07.
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Wiley: New York.
Higa, T. and Parr, J. F. (1994). Beneficial and Effective Microorganisms for a Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. International Nature Farming Research Centre: Atami, Japan.
Kleynhans, K. P. N. (1991). The root-knot nematodes of South Africa. Technical Communication No. 231. Department of Agricultural Development, South Africa.
Lebea, M. P. (2017). Mean concentration stimulation point of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides on Cucurbita pepo cultivar 'Caserta'. MSc. Mini-dissertation, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Lenne, J. M. (1991). Diseases and Pests of Sweet Potato: South East Asia, the Pacific and East Africa, Natural Resources Institute Bulletin No. 46.
Liu, D. L., Johnson, I. R. and Lovett, J. V. (2003). Mathematical modelling of allelopathy. III. A model for Curve-fitting allelochemical dose responses. Non-linearity Biol., Toxicol. Med. 1: 37-50.
Makhwedzhana, M. M. (2018). Nematode resistance and resistance mechanism in sweet potato cultivars 'Bophelo', 'Bosbok' and 'Mvuvheloʹ to Meloidogyne incognita. Master’s Dissertation, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Mashela, P. W. (2007). Undefeatable Enemies: Answering Questions with Questions. Inaugural lecture, 19 March 2007. Universityy of Limpopo Press, Sovenga.
Mashela, P. W., De Waele, D. and Pofu, K. M. (2011). Use of indigenous Cucumis technologies as alternative to synthetic nematicides in management of root-knot nematodes in low-input agricultural farming systems: A review. Sci. Res. Essay 6: 6762-6768.
Mashela, P. W., De Waele, D., Dube, Z., Khosa, M. C., Pofu, K. M., Tefu, G., Daneel, M. S. and Fourie, H. (2017). Alternative Nematode Management Strategies. In: Fourie, H., Spaull, V. W., Jones, R., Daneel, M. S. and D. De Waele (eds.). Nematology in South Africa: A view from the 21st century. Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland.
Mashela, P. W., Dube, Z. P. and Pofu, K. M. (2015). Managing the Phytotoxicity and Inconsistent Nematode Suppression in Soil Amended with Phytonematicides. In: Meghvansi, M. K. and A. Varma (eds.). Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management. Springer International Publishing: Heidelberg, Switzerland.
Mashela, T. S. (2020). Determining the overall sensitivities of Swiss chard to cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides under different conditions. M.Sc. Mini-dissertation, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Mathabatha, R. V., Mashela, P. W. and Mokgalong, N. M. (2016). Sensitivity of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides to Citrus volkameriana rootstock seedlings. Transylvanian Rev. 7: 969-72.
Mathabatha, R. V., Mashela, P.W. and Mokgalong, N. M. (2017). Non-phytotoxic concentration of cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides and the overall sensitivities to Swingle citrumelo seedling rootstock. Res. Crop. 18: 518-22.
Odebode, S. O. (2008). Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) Utilization Manual (A Recipe Book), Codat Publications.
Onwueme, I. C. and Sinha, T. D. (1991). Sweet potato, in Field Crop Production in Tropical Africa, CTA. Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Osunlola, N. B. and Fawole, L. M. (2015). Evaluation of animal dungs and organomineral fertilizer for the control of Meloidogyne incognita on sweet potato. Int. J. Agron. 2015: doi.org/10.1155/2015/725363.
Pelinganga, O. M. and Mashela, P. W. (2012). Mean dosage stimulation range of allelochemicals from crude extracts of Cucumis africanus fruit for improving growth of tomato plant and suppressing Meloidogyne incognita numbers. J. Agric. Sci. 4: 8-12.
Pelinganga, O. M., Mashela, P. W., Nzanza, B. and Mphosi, M. S. (2012). Baseline information on using fermented crude extracts from Cucumis africanus fruit for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita and improving growth of tomato plant. African J. Biotechnol. 11: 11407-413.
Pofu, K. M., Mashela, P. W., Laurie, S. M. and Oelofse, D. (2017). Host-status of sweet potato cultivars to South Africa root-knot nematodes. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil Pl. Sci. 67: 62-66.
Sasser, J. N. (1979). Pathogenicity, host ranges and variability in Meloidogyne species. In: Lamberti F, Taylor CE, editors. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species): systematics, biology and control. New York: Academic Press. pp. 257-68.
Sikora, R. A., Bridge, J. and Starr, J. L. (2005). Management Practices: An Overview of Integrated Nematode Management Technologies. In: Luc, M., Sikora, R. A. and J. Bridge (eds.). Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. CABI Publishing: Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Sithole, N. T. (2016). Mean concentration stimulation point and overall sensitivity of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides on Pelargonium sidoides: An indigenous future cultigen. Master’s Mini-dissertation, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Tseke, P. E. (2013). Responses of tomato plant growth and root-knot nematodes to phytonematicides from fermented fresh fruits of two indigenous Cucumis species. Master’s Mini-dissertation, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.
Tseke, P. E. and P. W. Mashela. 2018. Efficacy of fresh fruit from Cucumis myriocarpus as Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide on suppression of root-knot nematodes in tomato plant production. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil Pl Sci. 68: 161-65.
Woolfe, J. A. (1992). Sweet Potato: An Untapped Food Resource. Cambridge University Press: London.

Global Footprints