Avdienko, A. P., Avdienko, S. S., Fetyukhin, I. V. and Ryabtseva, N. A. (2018). The basics of scientific research. Donskoi GAU, Persianovsky, Russia. pp. 184.
Bakenova, Zh. B., Skendіrova, B. and Temirgalieva, D. (2015). The productivity of winter wheat depending on the use of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers. In: Materials of the 11th international Research and Practice Conference "Naukowa przestrzen Europy-2015". Nauka i studia, Przemysl, Poland. pp. 37-40.
Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2022). Statistics of agriculture, forestry, hunting and fisheries. Accessed on 12.03.2022. https://stat.gov.kz/official/industry/14/statistic/7.
Dhillon, J., Eickhoff, E., Aula, L., Omara, P., Weymeyer, G., Nambi, E., Oyebiyi, F., Carpenter, T. and Raun, W. (2020). Nitrogen management impact on winter wheat grain yield and estimated plant nitrogen loss. Agron. J. 112: 564-77.
Dong, S., Zhang, X., Chu, J., Zheng, F., Fei, L., Dai, X. and He, M. (2022). Optimized seeding rate and nitrogen topdressing ratio for simultaneous improvement of grain yield and bread-making quality in bread wheat sown on different dates. J. Sci. Food Agric. 102: 360-69.
Dospekhov, B. A. (2012). Experimental methods with the basics of statistical processing of research results. Kniga po trebovaniyu, Moscow, Russia. pp. 352.
Engovatova, I. V., Shestakova, E. O., Storchak, I. G. and Eroshenko, F. V. (2020). The influence of agricultural technology elements on the nitrogenous nutrition of winter wheat. Agr. Sci. J. 12: 55-58. https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i12pp55-58.
Ghadamkheir, M., Vladimirovich, K. P., Orujov, E., Bayat, M., Madumarov, M. M., Avdotyin, V. and Zargar, M. (2020). Influence of sulfur fertilization on infection of wheat Take-all disease caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Research on Crops 21: 627-33.
Habbib, H., Hirel, B., Verzeaux, J., Roger, D., Lacoux, J., Lea, P., Dubois, F. and Tetu, T. (2017). Investigating the combined effect of tillage, nitrogen fertilization and cover crops on nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat. Agronomy 7: 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY7040066.
Iman Ahmadi, Mohmmad-Hossein Gharineh and Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh (2020). Study on the effect of application of urea fertilizer and reduced herbicide doses on wheat (Triticum aestivum) - weed competition. Crop Res. 55: 81-90.
Jaskulska, I., Jaskulski, D., Rozniak, M., Radziemska, M. and Galezewski, L. (2020). Zonal tillage as innovative element of the technology of growing winter wheat: A field experiment under low rainfall conditions. Agriculture 10: 105.
Kalabashkina, E. V., Tsymbalova, V. A. and Uldina, S. V. (2021). The results of the application of Polyfert fertilizer on varieties of spring wheat selected at the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center (FITs). Papers presented at the Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy 293: 101-03.
Kandel, T. P., Gowda, P. H. and Northup, B. (2020). Influence of tillage systems, and forms and rates of nitrogen fertilizers on CO2 and N2O fluxes from winter wheat cultivation in Oklahoma. Agronomy 10: 320.
Karamanos, R. E., Stonehouse, T. A. and Flore, N. A. (2003). Response of winter wheat to nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer placement and time of application. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 483-88.
Kubar, M. S., Feng, M., Sayed, S., Shar, A. H., Rind, N. A., Ullah, H., Kalhoro, S. A., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yang, W., Kalhoro, F. A., Gasparovic, K., Barboricova, M., Brestic, M., Askary, A. E. and Sharnouby, M. E. (2021). Agronomical traits associated with yield and yield components of winter wheat as affected by nitrogen managements. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 28: 4852-58.
Linina, A. and Ruza, A. (2018). The influence of cultivar, weather conditions and nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat grain yield. Agr. Res. 16: 147-56.
Litke, L., Gaile, Z. and Ruza, A. (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on winter wheat yield and yield quality. Agr. Res. 16: 500-09.
Lu, C., Zhang, J., Cao, P. and Hatfield, J. L. (2019). Are we getting better in using nitrogen?: Variations in nitrogen use efficiency of two cereal crops across the United States. Earth's Future 7: 939-52.
Mirosavljevic, M., Acin, V., Sabados, V. and Dorotic, D. (2019). Variation in nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Genetika 51 : 1165-74.
Nikolic, O., Zivanovic, T., Kraljevic-Balalic M. and Milovanovic, M. (2011). Interrelationship between grain yield and physiological parameters of winter wheat nitrogen nutrition efficiency. Genetika 43 : 91-100.
Park, H., Clay, D., Hall, R. G., Rohila, J. S., Kharel, T. P., Clay, S. A. and Lee, S. (2014). Winter wheat quality responses to water, environment and nitrogen fertilization. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal. 45: 1894-905.
Pasquel, D., Roux, S., Richetti, J., Cammarano, D., Tisseyre, B. and Taylor, J. A. (2022). A review of methods to evaluate crop model performance at multiple and changing spatial scales. Precision Agric. 23: 1489-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-022-09885-4.
Pszczolkowska, A., Okorski, A., Olszewski, J., Fordonski, G., Krzebietke, S. and Charenska, A. (2018). Effects of pre-preceding leguminous crops on yield and chemical composition of winter wheat grain. Plant Soil Environ. 64: 592-96.
Ryazanova, L. G., Provorchenko, A. V. and Gorbunov, I. V. (2013). The Basics of Statistical Analysis of Research Results in Horticulture. Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia.
Saukhimova, U., Bakenova, Zh. B. and Tastanbekova, G. R. (2016). The influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat in the dry farming land conditions of South Kazakhstan. Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya 1: 61-66.
Schultz, R., Makary, T., Hubert, S., Hartung, K., Gruber, S., Donath, S., Dohler, J., Weiz, K., Ehrart, E., Claupein, W., Piepho, H. - P., Pecrun, C. and Muller, T. (2015). Is it necessary to split nitrogen fertilization for winter wheat? On-farm research on Luvisols in South-West Germany. J. Agric. Sci. 153: 575-87.
Si, Z., Zain, M., Li, S., Liu, J., Liang, Y., Gao, Y. and Duan, A. (2021). Optimizing nitrogen application for drip-irrigated winter wheat using the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model. Agric. Water Manage. 224: 106592.
Skudra, I. and Ruza, A. (2017). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on chlorophyll content in winter wheat. Rural Sustain. Res. 37: 29-37.
Staugaitis, G., Poskus, K., Braziene, Z. and Paltanavicius, V. (2021). Optimization of nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat. Zemdirbyste-Agric. 108: 203-08. https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.026.
Sukhanberdina, L. Kh., Sukhanberdina, D. Kh., Sukhanberdina, F. Kh. and Turbaev, A. Zh. (2011). Varieties of Agricultural Crops Permitted for Use in the West Kazakhstan Region. ZKF AO NTsNTI, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Sukhanova, I. F. (2010). Prospects for the development of grain production in the West Kazakhstan region in the context of the forthcoming accession of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the World Trade Organization. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta im. N. I. Vavilova 7: 92-03.
Tamele, R. A., Toma, Y. and Ueno, H. (2020). Nitrogen dynamics in a winter-wheat field in Ehime, south-western Japan. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 66: 772-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2020.1806004.
Vyurkov, V. V. (2006). Crop Rotations, Processing, and Reproduction of Fertility in Soil-protective Agriculture of the Urals, 2nd edn. Zapadno-Kazakhstanskii TsNTI, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan. pp. 70.
Vyurkov, V. V. (2017). New winter crops on dark chestnut soils of the Urals. Nauka, obrazovanie i kultura 8: 101-03.
Vyurkov, V. V., Arkhipkin, V. G., Baimukanov, E. N. and Idrisova, M. B. (2014). Productivity of winter and spring crops in the dry steppe of the Urals. In: A Search for Innovative Ways of Developing Agriculture in Modern Conditions. Proc. International Research and Practice Conference Dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of the Volgograd State Agrarian University and the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, May 9-14, 2014. Volgogradskii GAU, Volgograd, Russia. pp. 309-14.
Vyurkov, V. V., Baimukanov, E. N. and Dzhaparov, R. Sh. (2017). Preservation and productivity of traditional and promising winter crops on dark chestnut soils of the Urals. Vestnik Ulnovskoi gosudarstvennoi selskokhozyaistveenoi akademii 4: 14-21.
Wang, J., Wang, Z., Gu, F., Mou, H., Wang, Y., Duan, J., Feng, W., Wang, Y. and Guo, T. (2021). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and grain yield of two winter wheat varieties. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 54: 4070-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.004.
Wilson, T. L., Guttieri, M. J., Nelsona, N. O., Fritza, A. and Tilley, M. (2020). Nitrogen and sulfur effects on hard winter wheat quality and asparagine concentration. J. Cereal Sci. 93: 102969.
Yao, F., Li, Q., Zeng, R. and Shi, S. (2021). Effects of different agricultural treatments on narrowing winter wheat yield gap and nitrogen use efficiency in China. J. Integr. Agric. 20: 383-94.
Yin, M., Li, Y., Xu, L., Shen, S. and Fang, H. (2018). Nutrition diagnosis for nitrogen in winter wheat based on critical nitrogen dilution curves. Crop Sci. 58: 416-25.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Shi, Y. and Yu, Z. (2020). Optimized split nitrogen fertilizer increase photosynthesis, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation. Sci. Rep. 10: 20310.
.Bakenova, Zh. B., Skendіrova, B. and Temirgalieva, D. (2015). The productivity of winter wheat depending on the use of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers. In: Materials of the 11th international Research and Practice Conference "Naukowa przestrzen Europy-2015". Nauka i studia, Przemysl, Poland. pp. 37-40.
Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2022). Statistics of agriculture, forestry, hunting and fisheries. Accessed on 12.03.2022. https://stat.gov.kz/official/industry/14/statistic/7.
Dhillon, J., Eickhoff, E., Aula, L., Omara, P., Weymeyer, G., Nambi, E., Oyebiyi, F., Carpenter, T. and Raun, W. (2020). Nitrogen management impact on winter wheat grain yield and estimated plant nitrogen loss. Agron. J. 112: 564-77.
Dong, S., Zhang, X., Chu, J., Zheng, F., Fei, L., Dai, X. and He, M. (2022). Optimized seeding rate and nitrogen topdressing ratio for simultaneous improvement of grain yield and bread-making quality in bread wheat sown on different dates. J. Sci. Food Agric. 102: 360-69.
Dospekhov, B. A. (2012). Experimental methods with the basics of statistical processing of research results. Kniga po trebovaniyu, Moscow, Russia. pp. 352.
Engovatova, I. V., Shestakova, E. O., Storchak, I. G. and Eroshenko, F. V. (2020). The influence of agricultural technology elements on the nitrogenous nutrition of winter wheat. Agr. Sci. J. 12: 55-58. https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i12pp55-58.
Ghadamkheir, M., Vladimirovich, K. P., Orujov, E., Bayat, M., Madumarov, M. M., Avdotyin, V. and Zargar, M. (2020). Influence of sulfur fertilization on infection of wheat Take-all disease caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Research on Crops 21: 627-33.
Habbib, H., Hirel, B., Verzeaux, J., Roger, D., Lacoux, J., Lea, P., Dubois, F. and Tetu, T. (2017). Investigating the combined effect of tillage, nitrogen fertilization and cover crops on nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat. Agronomy 7: 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY7040066.
Iman Ahmadi, Mohmmad-Hossein Gharineh and Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh (2020). Study on the effect of application of urea fertilizer and reduced herbicide doses on wheat (Triticum aestivum) - weed competition. Crop Res. 55: 81-90.
Jaskulska, I., Jaskulski, D., Rozniak, M., Radziemska, M. and Galezewski, L. (2020). Zonal tillage as innovative element of the technology of growing winter wheat: A field experiment under low rainfall conditions. Agriculture 10: 105.
Kalabashkina, E. V., Tsymbalova, V. A. and Uldina, S. V. (2021). The results of the application of Polyfert fertilizer on varieties of spring wheat selected at the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center (FITs). Papers presented at the Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy 293: 101-03.
Kandel, T. P., Gowda, P. H. and Northup, B. (2020). Influence of tillage systems, and forms and rates of nitrogen fertilizers on CO2 and N2O fluxes from winter wheat cultivation in Oklahoma. Agronomy 10: 320.
Karamanos, R. E., Stonehouse, T. A. and Flore, N. A. (2003). Response of winter wheat to nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer placement and time of application. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 483-88.
Kubar, M. S., Feng, M., Sayed, S., Shar, A. H., Rind, N. A., Ullah, H., Kalhoro, S. A., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yang, W., Kalhoro, F. A., Gasparovic, K., Barboricova, M., Brestic, M., Askary, A. E. and Sharnouby, M. E. (2021). Agronomical traits associated with yield and yield components of winter wheat as affected by nitrogen managements. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 28: 4852-58.
Linina, A. and Ruza, A. (2018). The influence of cultivar, weather conditions and nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat grain yield. Agr. Res. 16: 147-56.
Litke, L., Gaile, Z. and Ruza, A. (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on winter wheat yield and yield quality. Agr. Res. 16: 500-09.
Lu, C., Zhang, J., Cao, P. and Hatfield, J. L. (2019). Are we getting better in using nitrogen?: Variations in nitrogen use efficiency of two cereal crops across the United States. Earth's Future 7: 939-52.
Mirosavljevic, M., Acin, V., Sabados, V. and Dorotic, D. (2019). Variation in nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Genetika 51 : 1165-74.
Nikolic, O., Zivanovic, T., Kraljevic-Balalic M. and Milovanovic, M. (2011). Interrelationship between grain yield and physiological parameters of winter wheat nitrogen nutrition efficiency. Genetika 43 : 91-100.
Park, H., Clay, D., Hall, R. G., Rohila, J. S., Kharel, T. P., Clay, S. A. and Lee, S. (2014). Winter wheat quality responses to water, environment and nitrogen fertilization. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal. 45: 1894-905.
Pasquel, D., Roux, S., Richetti, J., Cammarano, D., Tisseyre, B. and Taylor, J. A. (2022). A review of methods to evaluate crop model performance at multiple and changing spatial scales. Precision Agric. 23: 1489-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-022-09885-4.
Pszczolkowska, A., Okorski, A., Olszewski, J., Fordonski, G., Krzebietke, S. and Charenska, A. (2018). Effects of pre-preceding leguminous crops on yield and chemical composition of winter wheat grain. Plant Soil Environ. 64: 592-96.
Ryazanova, L. G., Provorchenko, A. V. and Gorbunov, I. V. (2013). The Basics of Statistical Analysis of Research Results in Horticulture. Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia.
Saukhimova, U., Bakenova, Zh. B. and Tastanbekova, G. R. (2016). The influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat in the dry farming land conditions of South Kazakhstan. Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya 1: 61-66.
Schultz, R., Makary, T., Hubert, S., Hartung, K., Gruber, S., Donath, S., Dohler, J., Weiz, K., Ehrart, E., Claupein, W., Piepho, H. - P., Pecrun, C. and Muller, T. (2015). Is it necessary to split nitrogen fertilization for winter wheat? On-farm research on Luvisols in South-West Germany. J. Agric. Sci. 153: 575-87.
Si, Z., Zain, M., Li, S., Liu, J., Liang, Y., Gao, Y. and Duan, A. (2021). Optimizing nitrogen application for drip-irrigated winter wheat using the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model. Agric. Water Manage. 224: 106592.
Skudra, I. and Ruza, A. (2017). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on chlorophyll content in winter wheat. Rural Sustain. Res. 37: 29-37.
Staugaitis, G., Poskus, K., Braziene, Z. and Paltanavicius, V. (2021). Optimization of nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat. Zemdirbyste-Agric. 108: 203-08. https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.026.
Sukhanberdina, L. Kh., Sukhanberdina, D. Kh., Sukhanberdina, F. Kh. and Turbaev, A. Zh. (2011). Varieties of Agricultural Crops Permitted for Use in the West Kazakhstan Region. ZKF AO NTsNTI, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Sukhanova, I. F. (2010). Prospects for the development of grain production in the West Kazakhstan region in the context of the forthcoming accession of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the World Trade Organization. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta im. N. I. Vavilova 7: 92-03.
Tamele, R. A., Toma, Y. and Ueno, H. (2020). Nitrogen dynamics in a winter-wheat field in Ehime, south-western Japan. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 66: 772-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2020.1806004.
Vyurkov, V. V. (2006). Crop Rotations, Processing, and Reproduction of Fertility in Soil-protective Agriculture of the Urals, 2nd edn. Zapadno-Kazakhstanskii TsNTI, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan. pp. 70.
Vyurkov, V. V. (2017). New winter crops on dark chestnut soils of the Urals. Nauka, obrazovanie i kultura 8: 101-03.
Vyurkov, V. V., Arkhipkin, V. G., Baimukanov, E. N. and Idrisova, M. B. (2014). Productivity of winter and spring crops in the dry steppe of the Urals. In: A Search for Innovative Ways of Developing Agriculture in Modern Conditions. Proc. International Research and Practice Conference Dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of the Volgograd State Agrarian University and the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, May 9-14, 2014. Volgogradskii GAU, Volgograd, Russia. pp. 309-14.
Vyurkov, V. V., Baimukanov, E. N. and Dzhaparov, R. Sh. (2017). Preservation and productivity of traditional and promising winter crops on dark chestnut soils of the Urals. Vestnik Ulnovskoi gosudarstvennoi selskokhozyaistveenoi akademii 4: 14-21.
Wang, J., Wang, Z., Gu, F., Mou, H., Wang, Y., Duan, J., Feng, W., Wang, Y. and Guo, T. (2021). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and grain yield of two winter wheat varieties. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 54: 4070-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.004.
Wilson, T. L., Guttieri, M. J., Nelsona, N. O., Fritza, A. and Tilley, M. (2020). Nitrogen and sulfur effects on hard winter wheat quality and asparagine concentration. J. Cereal Sci. 93: 102969.
Yao, F., Li, Q., Zeng, R. and Shi, S. (2021). Effects of different agricultural treatments on narrowing winter wheat yield gap and nitrogen use efficiency in China. J. Integr. Agric. 20: 383-94.
Yin, M., Li, Y., Xu, L., Shen, S. and Fang, H. (2018). Nutrition diagnosis for nitrogen in winter wheat based on critical nitrogen dilution curves. Crop Sci. 58: 416-25.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Shi, Y. and Yu, Z. (2020). Optimized split nitrogen fertilizer increase photosynthesis, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation. Sci. Rep. 10: 20310.
