Loading...

Research on Crops

(.Effect of Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl herbicide in combination with Johnson grass extract on weed control in flax crop (Linum usitatissimum L



DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.ROC-898    | Article Id: ROC-898 | Page : 89-98
Citation :- (.Effect of Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl herbicide in combination with Johnson grass extract on weed control in flax crop (Linum usitatissimum L. Res. Crop. 24: 89-98
RASOL HASSAN NEMR AND WTHEQ FALHI HAMMOOD Rassoul.hasan1206a@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Address : College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Submitted Date : 30-11-2022
Accepted Date : 10-02-2023
Online Published:

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out to determine the best effect of Johnson grass extract, alone or in combination with Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl herbicide, to achieve the benefit of their integration into weed control programs to reduce reliance on herbicides in controlling weeds, increasing yield and reducing environmental pollution by these herbicides. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the split plot arrangement by three replicates was applied, the distance between the rows (20, 25 and 30 cm) represents the main plots. The control treatments : weed-free (T1), application Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl at rate 2 ml/l (T2), Johnson grass extract at rate 18 l/ha (T3), half herbicide amount + half extract amount (T4) and weedy treatment (T5) , represent the sub-plots . The results showed that of distance 20 cm achieved lowest density of companion weeds (52.20 weeds/m2) and highest percentage of weed control (50.42) after 60 days of application, and highest seed yield, oil yield reached 1.781 and 0.675 t/ha, respectively. The distance 30 cm achieved highest number of capsules (14.790 capsules/plant) seeds (8.337 seeds/capsule) and highest weight of 1000 seeds reaching 7.379 g. Application of Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl (T2) achieved lowest weed density (54.78 weeds/m2), highest weed control percentage (52.22) after 60 days of application. Besides, highest number of capsules (14.956 capsules/plant), seeds were (8.580 seeds/capsule), highest weight of 1000 seeds was 7.611 g, and highest seed yield , oil yield reached 1.779 and 0.7113 t/ha, respectively. Distance 20 cm with treatment (T2) achieved lowest number of weeds reaching (44.67 weeds/m2), highest percentage of weed control (57.59) after 60 days of application, highest seed yield, oil yield reached 2.067 and 0.7267 t/ha, respectively. Distance 30 cm and treatment (T2) achieved highest number of capsules (16.05 capsules/plant), seeds (8.580 seeds/capsule) and highest weight of 1000 seeds reaching 7.873 g.

Keywords

Allelopathy flax herbicides plant density weed extract 

References

A. O. A. C. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International Arlington, VA, D. C., USA.
Abusaief, H. M. A. A., Alhaddad, A. and Bulso, N. B. O. (2021). Study on bio-fish extract and cultivation dates to improve production of flax (Linum usitatissimum) in Omar-Mukhtar area, Libya. Res. Crop. 22: 536-48.
Al-Ani, N. J. O. (2022). Competitiveness of varieties of flax, Linum usitatissimum L. for weeds by the effect of seeding quantities. Master thesis, Department of Crops, College of  Agriculture, University of Anbar. pp. 77.
Al-Badiri, N. R. L. (2006). Competitiveness of some cotton varieties. Gossypium hirsutum L. for companion weeds. Master's thesis, Department of Field Crop Science, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. pp. 90.
Al-Chalabi, F. T. (2003). The biological response of wheat to control the introduction of Diclofop-methyl in succession with 2,4 D and its effect on grain yield. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34 (1): 89-100.
Al-Chalabi, F. T. and Hammood, W. F. (2016). Effect of integrated weed management on fiber quality characters of some cotton cultivars. The Iraqi J. Agricult. Sci. 47: 187-96.
Al-Rawi, Z. I. and Noman, A. H. (2020). Response of the flax crop (Linum usitatissimum L.) for several levels of nitrogen and phosphate fertilization. Journal of Educational and Scientific Studies, 7: 49-61. College of Education, Iraqi University.
Alsaadawi, I. S., Khaliq, A., Al-Temimi, A. A. and Matloob, A. (2011). Integration of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) residues with a pre-plant herbicide enhance weed suppression in broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Planta Daninha 29: 849-59.
Al-Sahlani, H. A. M. (2021). Growth and yield response of flax to two organisms and the distance between planting lines. M. Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. pp. 48.
Mohammed, A. A,. Abbas, J. M., Al-Baldawi, M. H. K. (2020). Effect of Plant Source Organic Fertilizers on Yield and It’s Components of Linseed Cultivars. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 51(Special issue): 86-95.
Bayer Crop Science AG .(2009). Integrated Weed Management, Tools, Guidelines and Strategies for Integrated Weed Management, 2nd edn. Second edition.Germany. p. 41.
Burgos, N. R., Talbert, R. E., Kim, K. S. and Kuk, Y. I. (2004). Growth inhibition and root ultrastructure of cucumber seedlings exposed to allelochemicals from rye  (Secale cereale). J. Chem. Ecol. 30: 671-89. DOI: 10.1023/B:JOEC 0000018637.94002.ba.
Cheema, Z. A., Farooq, M. and Khaliq, A. (2012). Application of allelopathy in crop production: A success story from Pakistan. In: Allelopathy: Current Trends and Future Applications, Cheema, Z. A., Farooq, M. and Wahid, A. (eds.). pp. 113-43. Springer: Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg, Germany.
Cheng, F. and Cheng, Z. (2015). Research progress on the use of plant allelopathy in agriculture and the physiological and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy. Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 1020.
Chhaganiya, H. J., Pate, A. P. and Patel, V. D. (2018). Efficacy of cultural method of weed control on growth, yield and quality of linseed (Linum  usitatissimum L. ). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7: 2711-17. doi:  https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.329
Ciba - Giegy Agrochemicals Division (1975). Field Trial Manual Ciba-Giegy, S. A., Basle, Swizerland.
Czarnota, M. A., Rimando, A. and Weston, L. A. (2003). Evaluation of root exudates of seven sorghum accessions. J. Chem. Ecol. 29: 2073-83.
Dayan, F. E., Rimando, A. M., Pan, Z., Baerson, S. R., Gimsing, A. L. and Duke, S. O. (2010). Sorgoleone Phytochemistry 71: 1032-39. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.011.
Einhellig, F. A. (1995). Allelopathy – Current status and future goals. In: A. Inderjit. pp. 1-24.‏
FAO (2019). http://www.fao.org/statistics/zh/.
Hallak, A. M. G., Davide, L. C. and Souza, I. F. (1999). Effects of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) root exudates on the cell cycle of the bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root. Genet. Mol. Biol. 22: 95-99. doi: 10.1590/S1415-47571999000100018.
Hejl, A. M. and Koster, K. L. (2004). The allelochemicals sorgoleone inhibits root H+- ATPase and water uptake. J. Chem. Ecol. 30: 2181-2191. doi: 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000048782.87862.7f.
Huang, H., Ling, T., Wei, S. and Zhang, C. (2015). A new 4-oxazolidinone from Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Rec. Nat. Prod. 9: 247-50.
Kalinova, S. H., Golubinova, I., Hristoskov, A. and Ilieva A.(2012). Allelopathic effect of aqueous extract from root systems of Johnson grass on the seed germination and the initial development of soybean pea and vetch. Herbologia 13: 1-10.
Li, Z. H., Wang, Q., Ruan, X., Pan, C. D. and Jiang, D. A. (2010). Phenolics and plant allelopathy. Molecules 15: 8933-52. doi:10.3390/molecules15128933.
Radovanović, B.  Mladenović, J.,  Radovanović, A., Pavlović, R. and Nikolić, V. (2015). Phenolic composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activites of Allium porrum L. (Serbia) extracts. J. Food and Nutr. Res. 3: 564-69.  doi:10.12691/jfnr-3-9-1.
Safi, S. M, Hammood, W. F. Al-khaldy, R. A. A. (2020). Evaluation of the effectiveness of sorghum leaf extract and herbicide in controlling flax weeds. Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. 16 (Supplement 1): 1559-63.
Singh, V. and Maiti, R. K. (2020). An overview of the production of fibres by plants. Farm. Manage. 5: 16-38.
Steel , R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York. pp. 485.
Wang, C. M., Chen, H. T., Li, T. C., Weng, J. H., Jhan, Y. L., Lin, S. X. and C. C. H. (2014). The role of pent acyclic triterpenoids in the allelopathic effects of Alstonia  scholaris. J. Chem. Ecol. 40: 90-98. doi: 10.1007/s10886-013-0376.
Wu, F. Z., Pan, K., Ma, F. M. and Wang, X. D. (2004). Effects of cinnamic acid on Photo synthesis and cell ultrastructure of cucumber seedlings. Acta Hortic Sin. 31: 183-88.
Yazlik, A. and Uremis, I. (2019). Interferences of Johnson grass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] with some robust plant species. MKU. Tar. Bil. Derg. 24: 110-15.
Yu, J. H., Zhang, Y., Niu, C. X., and Li, J. J. (2006). Effects of two kinds of allelochemicals on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Solanum melongena L. seedlings. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 17: 1629-32.

Global Footprints