Abstract

Due to its high agricultural and nutritional potential, interest in quinoa has increased in recent years, making it a diversification alternative for agriculture in Russia. Therefore, it is necessary to have new varieties that adapt in the sowing season, with good agronomic characteristics. The quinoa a cultivated plant is an allotetraploid of 36 chromosomes, means that it has two copies of two different genomes (A and B) indicating their allelic richness, with various varieties. Therefore, it is necessary to study statistically for the determination of such phenotypic and genotypic variations in quinoa varieties. Based on this, the present research was carried out during 2021 in the experimental plot in The Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing (FGBNU “FNTSO”), Moscow, Russia to study ripening of grain. Four varieties were grown in an experimental area of 40 m2 and divided into twelve experimental units. Therefore, to determine this statistical variable (from sowing to physiological ripening of grain in days), it is necessary to evaluate the germination and vegetative phases. All varieties germinated on April 20, 2021. The beginning of flowering (days) and length of panicle (cm) were also recorded in all varieties of quinoa. The NPK fertilizer was applied to all varieties at the rate of 16% / 2.5 kg. The optimal grain filling was considered as the ripening stage of the grain. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was applied for the study of variations in 4 varieties of quinoa (1. Purple, 2. Lilac, 3. Green and 4. Robust green) through 4 repetitions. The results showed significant differences between varieties 1, 3 and 4. The varieties 1 (Purple) and 3 (Green) with physiological maturity at 132 and 133 days, respectively being semi early varieties, which represented 50% of plants in the experimental plots. The variety 4 (Robust green) with physiological maturity at 163 days being a late variety represented 15% of plants in the experimental plot. The introduction of the quinoa in Russia is very important where there are variations in weather during growing season. For quinoa cultivation, only 4 months are available in the spring and summer seasons in Russia. The climate begins with light rains in the month of May followed by strong radiation during June, featuring drought in the month of July, ending with the harvest in the month of August. The key factor for successful cultivation of quinoa in Russia is to adapt early varieties of quinoa of Peruvian origin.