Abstract

At the moment, the development of fallow lands for the possible production of highly productive hayfields by assessing the production potential of cenoflora is an urgent scientific and industrial problem. The relationships between the productivity and the quality of the cut weight on the species composition, the degree of synanthropization of communities and the dissemination of groups of valuable native and invasive species here were analyzed. The research was carried out on abanded lands of the Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture in 2006 to 2020 at the address: Russian Federation, Kaluga region, Peremyshlskiy district, the village of experimental station. It was found that adventive communities are more diverse in terms of productivity and quality of green mass, their productivity was on average 1.2–1.7 times higher than trivial ones. The transformation of aboriginal communities during the immigration of adventive species, which have an adaptive potential to the ecological and soil conditions of the plakors of the Meshchovsky opolye of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation is shown. It has been established that without a complex of agrotechnological methods to improve the floristic composition and increase the productivity of secondary phytocenoses, their phytomass cannot be significant in the production of voluminous forages. Mineral fertilizers (P40K60) contributed to an increase in productivity by 21–44% and the share of sown grasses from 84 to 94% in the crop structure, as well as a decrease in the degree of its variability by 1.3 times. According to the research results, a new approach to assessing the production potential of vegetation and optimizing the elements of resource-saving technology for accelerated field development with the prospect of obtaining highly productive multicomponent mown grass stands based on a new variety of Festulolium Kafes and the principles of phytocenotic design has been highlighted. The possibility of joint application of unmanned aerial vehicles and ecological and floral classification for routine analysis of phytocenoses of various genesis is shown.