Animut, G., Puchala, R., Goetsch, A., Patra, A. K., T. Sahlu, T., Varel, V. H. and Wells, J. (2008). Methane emission by goats consuming diets with different levels of condensed tannins from lespedeza. Animal Feed Sci. Tech.144: 212-27. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.014.
Berihulay, H., Abied, A., He, X., Jiang, L. and Ma, Y. (2019). Adaptation mechanisms of small ruminants to environmental heat stress. Animals9:doi:10.3390/ani9030075.
Dickie, A., Streck, C., Roe, S., Zurek, M., Haupt, F. and Dolginow, A. (2014). “Strategies for mitigating climate change in agriculture: Recommendations for philanthropy.” Climate Focus and California Environmental Asssociates.
El-Sayed, A. I. M., Farghaly, H. A. M., Eid, S. Y. and El-Zaher, H. M. (2018). Effect of heat stress on reproductive and productive traits in Baladi and crossbred goat does under subtropical conditions. J. Nucl. Tech. Appl. Sci. 6: 31-45. doi:10.21608/jntas.2018.10211.
FAOSTAT (2018). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Statistics database. http://www.faostat. fao.org.
Fregley, M. J. (1996). Adaptations: some general characteristics. In: Fregley M. J. and Blatteis C. M. (Editors). Handbook of physiology, Section 4: Environmental physiology. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. pp. 3-15.
Gerber, P. J., Hristov, A. N., Henderson, B., Makkar, H., Oh, J., Lee, C., Meinen, R., Montes, F., Ott, T., Firkins, J., Rotz, A., Dell, C., Adesogan, A. T., Yang, W. Z., Tricarico, J. M., Kebreab, E., Waghorn, G., Dijkstra, J. and Oosting, S. (2013). Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: A review. Animal 7: 220–34.
Hansen, P. J. (2007). Exploitation of genetic and physiological determinants of embryonic resistance to elevated temperature to improve embryonic survival in dairy cattle during heat stress. Theriogenology 68: 242-49.
Henry, B., Charmley, E., Eckard, R., Gaughan, J. B. and Hegarty, R. (2012). Livestock production in a changing climate: Adaptation and mitigation research in Australia. Crop Pasture Sci. 63: 191-202.
Howden, S., Crimp, S. and Stokes, C. (2008). Climate change and Australian livestock systems: impacts, research and policy issues. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 48: 780-88. doi:10.1071/EA08033.
IFAD (2010). Livestock and Climate Change, in Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for project design. Rota, A., Calvosa, C., Chuluunbaatar, D. and Fara, K. (Editors). IFAD, Rome.
IPCC (2018). Global warming of 1.5°C An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. http://www.ipcc.ch/organization/ organization.shtml2018.
Lacetera, N., Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B. and Nardone, A. (2003). Physiological and productive consequences of heat stress. The case of dairy ruminantsIn: Interaction between climate and animal production. pp. 45–59. doi.org/10.3920/9789086865178_005.
Marai, I. F. M., El-Darawany, A. A. A., Fadiel, A. and Abdel-Hafez, M. A. M. (2007). Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep-A review. Small Ruminant Res. 71: 1-12.
Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M. S. and Bernabucci, U. (2010). Effects of climate change on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livest. Sci. 130: 57-69.
Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M. S. and Bernabucci, U. (2010). Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livest. Sci. 130: 57–69.
Okoruwa, M. I. (2014). Effect of heat stress on thermoregulatory, live bodyweight and physiological responses of dwarf goats in Southern Nigeria. Eur. Sci. J. 10: 255–64.
Renaudeau , D., Collin, A. S., Yahav, S., de Basilio, J. L., Gourdine, R. J. and Collier, R. J. (2012). Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production. Animal 6: 707-28. doi:10.1017/S1751731111002448.
Rötter, R. and van de Geijn, S. (1999). Climate change effects of plant growth, crop yield and livestock.Clim. Change43: 651–81. doi:org/10.1023/A:1005541132734.
Silanikove, N. (2000). Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants. Livest. Prod. Sci. 67: 1–18.
Silanikove, N. and Koluman, D. (2015). Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones: Predications on the overall negative impact and on the positive role of dairy goats in adaptation to earth warming. Small Rumin. Res.123: 27-34. doi:10.1016/J.SMALLRUMRES. 2014.11.005.
Sirohi, S. and Michaelowa, A. (2007). Sufferer and cause: Indian livestock and climate change. Clim. Change. 85: 285-98.
Swingland, I. R. (1999). Commercialization, structure and sustainability of biodiversity conservation. In New Practices in Integrated Protected Area Management (M. Walkey, I. R. Swingland, and S. Russell, eds.). Chapman and Hall, London. pp: 151-80. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5279-6_7.
Swingland, I. R. (2001). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (2nd Edition) – Definition of biodiversity. Elsevier. pp: 399-410.
Thomas, C., Cameron, A., Green, R. and Bakkenes, M.(2004). Extinction risk from climate change. Nature427: 145-48. doi:10.1038/nature02121.
Thornton, P. and Gerber, J. (2010). Climate change and the growth of the livestock sector in developing countries. Mitig. Adapt.Strat. Gl.15: 169-84.
Thornton, P. K. and Herrero, M. (2010a). Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.107: 19667-72.
Thornton, P., Herrero, M., Freeman, A., Mwai, O., Rege, E., Jones, P. and McDermott, J. (2008). Vulnerability, climate change and livestock- research opportunities and challenges for poverty alleviation. ILRI, Kenya.
Thornton, P.K. and Herrero, M. (2010b). The Inter-linkages between rapid growth in livestock production, climate change, and the impacts on water resources, land use, and deforestation. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, WPS 5178. World Bank, Washington, DC
USDA (2013). United States department of agriculture climate change and agriculture in the United States: Effects and adaptation. USDA technical bulletin, Washington, DC.
Wolfenson, D., Roth, Z. and Meidan, R. (2000). Impaired reproduction in heat-stressed cattle: basic and applied aspects. Anim. Rep. Sci. 60 (1-3): 535-47.
Wright, I., Tarawali, S., Blummel, M., Gerard, B., Teufel, N. and Herrero, M. (2012). Integrating crops and livestock in subtropical agricultural systems. J. Sci. Food Agric. 92: 1010-15
Berihulay, H., Abied, A., He, X., Jiang, L. and Ma, Y. (2019). Adaptation mechanisms of small ruminants to environmental heat stress. Animals9:doi:10.3390/ani9030075.
Dickie, A., Streck, C., Roe, S., Zurek, M., Haupt, F. and Dolginow, A. (2014). “Strategies for mitigating climate change in agriculture: Recommendations for philanthropy.” Climate Focus and California Environmental Asssociates.
El-Sayed, A. I. M., Farghaly, H. A. M., Eid, S. Y. and El-Zaher, H. M. (2018). Effect of heat stress on reproductive and productive traits in Baladi and crossbred goat does under subtropical conditions. J. Nucl. Tech. Appl. Sci. 6: 31-45. doi:10.21608/jntas.2018.10211.
FAOSTAT (2018). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Statistics database. http://www.faostat. fao.org.
Fregley, M. J. (1996). Adaptations: some general characteristics. In: Fregley M. J. and Blatteis C. M. (Editors). Handbook of physiology, Section 4: Environmental physiology. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. pp. 3-15.
Gerber, P. J., Hristov, A. N., Henderson, B., Makkar, H., Oh, J., Lee, C., Meinen, R., Montes, F., Ott, T., Firkins, J., Rotz, A., Dell, C., Adesogan, A. T., Yang, W. Z., Tricarico, J. M., Kebreab, E., Waghorn, G., Dijkstra, J. and Oosting, S. (2013). Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: A review. Animal 7: 220–34.
Hansen, P. J. (2007). Exploitation of genetic and physiological determinants of embryonic resistance to elevated temperature to improve embryonic survival in dairy cattle during heat stress. Theriogenology 68: 242-49.
Henry, B., Charmley, E., Eckard, R., Gaughan, J. B. and Hegarty, R. (2012). Livestock production in a changing climate: Adaptation and mitigation research in Australia. Crop Pasture Sci. 63: 191-202.
Howden, S., Crimp, S. and Stokes, C. (2008). Climate change and Australian livestock systems: impacts, research and policy issues. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 48: 780-88. doi:10.1071/EA08033.
IFAD (2010). Livestock and Climate Change, in Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for project design. Rota, A., Calvosa, C., Chuluunbaatar, D. and Fara, K. (Editors). IFAD, Rome.
IPCC (2018). Global warming of 1.5°C An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. http://www.ipcc.ch/organization/ organization.shtml2018.
Lacetera, N., Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B. and Nardone, A. (2003). Physiological and productive consequences of heat stress. The case of dairy ruminantsIn: Interaction between climate and animal production. pp. 45–59. doi.org/10.3920/9789086865178_005.
Marai, I. F. M., El-Darawany, A. A. A., Fadiel, A. and Abdel-Hafez, M. A. M. (2007). Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep-A review. Small Ruminant Res. 71: 1-12.
Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M. S. and Bernabucci, U. (2010). Effects of climate change on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livest. Sci. 130: 57-69.
Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M. S. and Bernabucci, U. (2010). Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livest. Sci. 130: 57–69.
Okoruwa, M. I. (2014). Effect of heat stress on thermoregulatory, live bodyweight and physiological responses of dwarf goats in Southern Nigeria. Eur. Sci. J. 10: 255–64.
Renaudeau , D., Collin, A. S., Yahav, S., de Basilio, J. L., Gourdine, R. J. and Collier, R. J. (2012). Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production. Animal 6: 707-28. doi:10.1017/S1751731111002448.
Rötter, R. and van de Geijn, S. (1999). Climate change effects of plant growth, crop yield and livestock.Clim. Change43: 651–81. doi:org/10.1023/A:1005541132734.
Silanikove, N. (2000). Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants. Livest. Prod. Sci. 67: 1–18.
Silanikove, N. and Koluman, D. (2015). Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones: Predications on the overall negative impact and on the positive role of dairy goats in adaptation to earth warming. Small Rumin. Res.123: 27-34. doi:10.1016/J.SMALLRUMRES. 2014.11.005.
Sirohi, S. and Michaelowa, A. (2007). Sufferer and cause: Indian livestock and climate change. Clim. Change. 85: 285-98.
Swingland, I. R. (1999). Commercialization, structure and sustainability of biodiversity conservation. In New Practices in Integrated Protected Area Management (M. Walkey, I. R. Swingland, and S. Russell, eds.). Chapman and Hall, London. pp: 151-80. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5279-6_7.
Swingland, I. R. (2001). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (2nd Edition) – Definition of biodiversity. Elsevier. pp: 399-410.
Thomas, C., Cameron, A., Green, R. and Bakkenes, M.(2004). Extinction risk from climate change. Nature427: 145-48. doi:10.1038/nature02121.
Thornton, P. and Gerber, J. (2010). Climate change and the growth of the livestock sector in developing countries. Mitig. Adapt.Strat. Gl.15: 169-84.
Thornton, P. K. and Herrero, M. (2010a). Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.107: 19667-72.
Thornton, P., Herrero, M., Freeman, A., Mwai, O., Rege, E., Jones, P. and McDermott, J. (2008). Vulnerability, climate change and livestock- research opportunities and challenges for poverty alleviation. ILRI, Kenya.
Thornton, P.K. and Herrero, M. (2010b). The Inter-linkages between rapid growth in livestock production, climate change, and the impacts on water resources, land use, and deforestation. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, WPS 5178. World Bank, Washington, DC
USDA (2013). United States department of agriculture climate change and agriculture in the United States: Effects and adaptation. USDA technical bulletin, Washington, DC.
Wolfenson, D., Roth, Z. and Meidan, R. (2000). Impaired reproduction in heat-stressed cattle: basic and applied aspects. Anim. Rep. Sci. 60 (1-3): 535-47.
Wright, I., Tarawali, S., Blummel, M., Gerard, B., Teufel, N. and Herrero, M. (2012). Integrating crops and livestock in subtropical agricultural systems. J. Sci. Food Agric. 92: 1010-15
