A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2014 at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the effect of biofertilizer consortia of microbes applied to soil and foliar application of macro-nutrients on soil microbial activity in Bt cotton. Significantly higher population of Azotobacter (4.26 logCFU/g soil), P. suedomonas (5.05 logCFU/g soil) and fungi (11.18 log10 CFU/g soil) at flowering (60 DAS) was recorded with consortia of microbes applied to soil and with foliar application of 18: 18: 18 @ 1.5% than control (3.20, 4.03 and 7.8 log10 CFU/g soil, respectively).