Abdissa, T. and Bekele, B. (2020). Assessment of wheat Fusarium head blight and associated Fusarium species in West Shewa, Ethiopia. Int. J. Agric. Biosci. 9: 299-304.
Abdissa, T., Gutu, K., Zeleke T. and Bekele, K. (2024). Evaluation of different fungicides against wheat rusts in West and Southwest Shewa zones, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 18: 41-47.
Abebele, G. M., Admasu, M. A. and Agdu, B. H. (2020) Field evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis W.) resistance in Arsi highlands of Oromia region, southeastern Ethiopia. J. Plant Pathol. Microbiol. 11: doi:10.11648/ j.jps.20200804.13.
Ali, H., Tahir, M. and Nadeem, M. A. (2014) Determining critical period of weed competition in wheat under different tillage systems. Life 12: 74-79.
Amare, T., Sharma, J. J. and Kassahun, Z. (2014). Effect of weed control methods on weeds and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield. World J. Agric. Res. 2: 124-28.
Bayoush, B. Y. (2021). Distribution and integrated management of fusarium head blight of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South-Eastern, Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.
Bekele, B., Dawit, D. and Zemach, S. (2018). Effect of weed management on yield components and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Wolaita Sodo in Southern Ethiopia. Int. J. Res. Agric. For. 5: 34-43.
Central Statistics Agency (CSA) (2018). Agricultural sample survey series: report on area and production for major crops (Private Holdings, Main Season). Statistical Bulletin No.586. Central Statistics Agency of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Central Statistics Agency (CSA) (2022). Agricultural sample survey of area and production of major crops (Private peasant holdings, Meher Season). https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/. Vol. 1, Statistical Bulletins 590, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Daniel, K., Getinet, M., Alemu, A., Tamerat, N., Everlyne, P., Yordanos, G. and Yimenu, J. (2024). Evaluation of quake TM 112.5 EC fungicide against stripe and stem rust diseases on bread wheat in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Ukrainian J. Ecol.14: 12-17.
Degefie, T., Almaz, N., Olika, D. and Abu, T. (2020). Spatiotemporal hotspot patterns of wheat rust incidence and severity in Ethiopia. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 16:1289-97.
Eshete, B. B. (2018). Status and challenges of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) and threats of new races in Ethiopia. Int. J. For. Hort. 4: 22-31.
FAOSTAT (2022). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics: Food and agriculture data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data. Accessed 2022 May 15.
Foster, A. J., Lollato, R., Vandeveer, M. and De Wolf, E. D. (2017). Value of fungicide application in wheat production in Southwest Kansas. Kansas Agric. Exp. Station Res. Rep. 3: doi:10. 4148/2378-5977.7385.
Gizachew, H. R. and Ashenafi, G. D. (2022). Verification of CONA fungicide against stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on durum wheat in East Showa and West Arsi, Ethiopia. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 10: 86-90.
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2nd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Green, M. B., Baron, H. M. and Moberg, W. K. (1990). Managing resistance to agrochemicals: from fundamental research to practical strategies. Series: Acs Symposium Series 421Publication details: Washington Dc American Chemical Society 1990 Description: PXIII 496ISBN: ISBN: 0 8412 17416.
Hodson, D. P., Jaleta, M., Tesfaye, K., Yirga, C., Beyene, H., Kilian, A., Carling, J., Disasa, T., Alemu, S., Daba, T., Misganaw, A. Negisho, K., Alemayehu, Y., Badebo, A., Abeyo, B. and Erenstein, O. (2020). Ethiopia’s transforming wheat landscape: tracking variety use through DNA fingerprinting. Sci. Rep. 10: doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75181-8.
Kebede, M., Yisahak, T. and Bilal, T. (2025). Stem Rust (Puccinia Graminis f. Sp Tritici) Management in wheat through fungicide spray frequencies in central Ethiopia. Asian J. Agric. Allied Sci. 8: 77-89.
Kelley, K. (2001). Planting date and foliar fungicide effects on yield components and grain traits of winter wheat. Agron. J. 93: 380-89.
Lera, Z. T. (2024). Effects of WABE 300 EC, Fungicide against Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) and yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sci. Technol. Sci. Soc. 1: 20-26.
Marsalis, M. A. and Goldberg, N. P. (2006). Leaf, stem, and stripe rust diseases of wheat. New Mexico State University, Guide A. 415: 1-8.
Mathewos, A., Tewodros, M. and Yasin, G. (2012). Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved bread wheat technologies in some districts of southern Ethiopia. J. Biol. Agric. Healthcare 2: 85-91.
Meyer, M., Bacha, N., Tesfaye, T., Alemayehu, Y., Abera, E., Hundie, B., Woldeab, G., Girma, B., Gemechu, A., Negash, T. and Mideksa, T. (2021). Wheat rust epidemics damage Ethiopian wheat production: A decade of field disease surveillance reveals national-scale trends in past outbreaks. PloS One 16: doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245697.
Nigus, M., Shimelis, H., Mathew, I. and Abady, S. (2022). Wheat production in the highlands of Eastern Ethiopia: opportunities, challenges and coping strategies of rust diseases. Acta Agric. Scand. B. Soil Plant Sci. 72: 63-575.
Pant, K. R., Ojha, B. R., Thapa, D. B., Gautam, N. R. and Shrestha, J. (2020). Evaluation of biofortified spring wheat genotypes for yield and micronutrient contents. Fundam. Appl. Agric. 5: 78-87.
Peterson, R. F., Campbell, A. B. and Hannah, A. E. (1948). A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Can. J. Res. 26: 496-500.
Shah, Z., Shah, S. M. A., Hussnain, A., Ali, S., Khalil, I. H. and Munir, I. (2007). Genotypic variation for yield and yield-related traits and their correlation studies in wheat. Sarhad J. Agric. 23: 633-36.
Sharma, R. C., Kumarse, N., Amir, A., Zafar, Z. and Anwar, U.J. (2016). Reduction of winter wheat yield losses caused by stripe rust through fungicide management. J. Phytopathol. 164: 671–77.
Sharma, S., Rashmi, D. and Patel, S. L. (2023). Stem rust severity and AUDPC values of different wheat varieties in response to Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici. Crop Res. 58: 189-93.
Tadesse, W., Bishaw, Z. and Assefa, S. (2018). Wheat production and breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and opportunities in the face of climate change. Int. J. Clim. Chang. Strat. Manag. 11: 696-715.
Tamene, M. and Zerihun, E. (2021). Verification of comet plus 475 G/L EC fungicide against wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) disease on bread wheat in bale, southeastern Ethiopia. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 6: 30-32.
Teklay, A., Getaneh, W., Woubit, D., Adhiena, M. and Yemane, N. (2013). Distribution and seasonal variation in occurrence of wheat yellow rust in Tigray, Ethiopia. Direct Res. J. Agric. Food Sci. 1: 11-17.
USDA (2019). World Agricultural Production and Agricultural Projections. Oxford University Press. pp: 32.
Viljanen-Rollinson, S., Marroni, M. and Butler, R. (2006). Wheat stripe rust control using fungicides in New Zealand. N. Z. Plant Prot. 59: 155–59.
Wilcoxson, R. D., Skovmand, B. and Atif, A. H. (1975). Evaluation of wheat cultivars for ability to retard development of stem rust. Annals Appl. Biol. 80: 275-81.
Wubishet, A. and Tamene, M. (2016). Verification and evaluation of fungicides' efficacy against wheat rust diseases on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia. Int. J. Res. Stud. Agric. Sci. 2: 35-40.
Wubishet, A., Chemeda, F. and Bekele, H. (2015). Effects of environment on epidemics of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Bale highlands, South-Eastern Ethiopia. Glob. J. Pests Dis. Crop Prot. 3: 96-107.
Zegeye, F., Alamirew, B. and Tolossa, D. (2020). Analysis of wheat yield gap and variability in Ethiopia. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 5: 89-98.
Abdissa, T., Gutu, K., Zeleke T. and Bekele, K. (2024). Evaluation of different fungicides against wheat rusts in West and Southwest Shewa zones, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 18: 41-47.
Abebele, G. M., Admasu, M. A. and Agdu, B. H. (2020) Field evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis W.) resistance in Arsi highlands of Oromia region, southeastern Ethiopia. J. Plant Pathol. Microbiol. 11: doi:10.11648/ j.jps.20200804.13.
Ali, H., Tahir, M. and Nadeem, M. A. (2014) Determining critical period of weed competition in wheat under different tillage systems. Life 12: 74-79.
Amare, T., Sharma, J. J. and Kassahun, Z. (2014). Effect of weed control methods on weeds and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield. World J. Agric. Res. 2: 124-28.
Bayoush, B. Y. (2021). Distribution and integrated management of fusarium head blight of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South-Eastern, Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.
Bekele, B., Dawit, D. and Zemach, S. (2018). Effect of weed management on yield components and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Wolaita Sodo in Southern Ethiopia. Int. J. Res. Agric. For. 5: 34-43.
Central Statistics Agency (CSA) (2018). Agricultural sample survey series: report on area and production for major crops (Private Holdings, Main Season). Statistical Bulletin No.586. Central Statistics Agency of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Central Statistics Agency (CSA) (2022). Agricultural sample survey of area and production of major crops (Private peasant holdings, Meher Season). https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/. Vol. 1, Statistical Bulletins 590, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Daniel, K., Getinet, M., Alemu, A., Tamerat, N., Everlyne, P., Yordanos, G. and Yimenu, J. (2024). Evaluation of quake TM 112.5 EC fungicide against stripe and stem rust diseases on bread wheat in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Ukrainian J. Ecol.14: 12-17.
Degefie, T., Almaz, N., Olika, D. and Abu, T. (2020). Spatiotemporal hotspot patterns of wheat rust incidence and severity in Ethiopia. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 16:1289-97.
Eshete, B. B. (2018). Status and challenges of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) and threats of new races in Ethiopia. Int. J. For. Hort. 4: 22-31.
FAOSTAT (2022). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics: Food and agriculture data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data. Accessed 2022 May 15.
Foster, A. J., Lollato, R., Vandeveer, M. and De Wolf, E. D. (2017). Value of fungicide application in wheat production in Southwest Kansas. Kansas Agric. Exp. Station Res. Rep. 3: doi:10. 4148/2378-5977.7385.
Gizachew, H. R. and Ashenafi, G. D. (2022). Verification of CONA fungicide against stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on durum wheat in East Showa and West Arsi, Ethiopia. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 10: 86-90.
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2nd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Green, M. B., Baron, H. M. and Moberg, W. K. (1990). Managing resistance to agrochemicals: from fundamental research to practical strategies. Series: Acs Symposium Series 421Publication details: Washington Dc American Chemical Society 1990 Description: PXIII 496ISBN: ISBN: 0 8412 17416.
Hodson, D. P., Jaleta, M., Tesfaye, K., Yirga, C., Beyene, H., Kilian, A., Carling, J., Disasa, T., Alemu, S., Daba, T., Misganaw, A. Negisho, K., Alemayehu, Y., Badebo, A., Abeyo, B. and Erenstein, O. (2020). Ethiopia’s transforming wheat landscape: tracking variety use through DNA fingerprinting. Sci. Rep. 10: doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75181-8.
Kebede, M., Yisahak, T. and Bilal, T. (2025). Stem Rust (Puccinia Graminis f. Sp Tritici) Management in wheat through fungicide spray frequencies in central Ethiopia. Asian J. Agric. Allied Sci. 8: 77-89.
Kelley, K. (2001). Planting date and foliar fungicide effects on yield components and grain traits of winter wheat. Agron. J. 93: 380-89.
Lera, Z. T. (2024). Effects of WABE 300 EC, Fungicide against Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) and yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sci. Technol. Sci. Soc. 1: 20-26.
Marsalis, M. A. and Goldberg, N. P. (2006). Leaf, stem, and stripe rust diseases of wheat. New Mexico State University, Guide A. 415: 1-8.
Mathewos, A., Tewodros, M. and Yasin, G. (2012). Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved bread wheat technologies in some districts of southern Ethiopia. J. Biol. Agric. Healthcare 2: 85-91.
Meyer, M., Bacha, N., Tesfaye, T., Alemayehu, Y., Abera, E., Hundie, B., Woldeab, G., Girma, B., Gemechu, A., Negash, T. and Mideksa, T. (2021). Wheat rust epidemics damage Ethiopian wheat production: A decade of field disease surveillance reveals national-scale trends in past outbreaks. PloS One 16: doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245697.
Nigus, M., Shimelis, H., Mathew, I. and Abady, S. (2022). Wheat production in the highlands of Eastern Ethiopia: opportunities, challenges and coping strategies of rust diseases. Acta Agric. Scand. B. Soil Plant Sci. 72: 63-575.
Pant, K. R., Ojha, B. R., Thapa, D. B., Gautam, N. R. and Shrestha, J. (2020). Evaluation of biofortified spring wheat genotypes for yield and micronutrient contents. Fundam. Appl. Agric. 5: 78-87.
Peterson, R. F., Campbell, A. B. and Hannah, A. E. (1948). A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Can. J. Res. 26: 496-500.
Shah, Z., Shah, S. M. A., Hussnain, A., Ali, S., Khalil, I. H. and Munir, I. (2007). Genotypic variation for yield and yield-related traits and their correlation studies in wheat. Sarhad J. Agric. 23: 633-36.
Sharma, R. C., Kumarse, N., Amir, A., Zafar, Z. and Anwar, U.J. (2016). Reduction of winter wheat yield losses caused by stripe rust through fungicide management. J. Phytopathol. 164: 671–77.
Sharma, S., Rashmi, D. and Patel, S. L. (2023). Stem rust severity and AUDPC values of different wheat varieties in response to Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici. Crop Res. 58: 189-93.
Tadesse, W., Bishaw, Z. and Assefa, S. (2018). Wheat production and breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and opportunities in the face of climate change. Int. J. Clim. Chang. Strat. Manag. 11: 696-715.
Tamene, M. and Zerihun, E. (2021). Verification of comet plus 475 G/L EC fungicide against wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) disease on bread wheat in bale, southeastern Ethiopia. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 6: 30-32.
Teklay, A., Getaneh, W., Woubit, D., Adhiena, M. and Yemane, N. (2013). Distribution and seasonal variation in occurrence of wheat yellow rust in Tigray, Ethiopia. Direct Res. J. Agric. Food Sci. 1: 11-17.
USDA (2019). World Agricultural Production and Agricultural Projections. Oxford University Press. pp: 32.
Viljanen-Rollinson, S., Marroni, M. and Butler, R. (2006). Wheat stripe rust control using fungicides in New Zealand. N. Z. Plant Prot. 59: 155–59.
Wilcoxson, R. D., Skovmand, B. and Atif, A. H. (1975). Evaluation of wheat cultivars for ability to retard development of stem rust. Annals Appl. Biol. 80: 275-81.
Wubishet, A. and Tamene, M. (2016). Verification and evaluation of fungicides' efficacy against wheat rust diseases on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia. Int. J. Res. Stud. Agric. Sci. 2: 35-40.
Wubishet, A., Chemeda, F. and Bekele, H. (2015). Effects of environment on epidemics of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Bale highlands, South-Eastern Ethiopia. Glob. J. Pests Dis. Crop Prot. 3: 96-107.
Zegeye, F., Alamirew, B. and Tolossa, D. (2020). Analysis of wheat yield gap and variability in Ethiopia. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 5: 89-98.
