Abstract

Cereals make up about 70 percent of the world's one billion hectares of arable land. Finding solutions to maintain and increase crop yields is one of the essential goals of researchers. In 2030, the demand for cereal for human and livestock nutrition will reach 2.8 billion tons per year. Wheat is the third-largest producer in the world after corn and rice. Starch is the most crucial final product of wheat growth and development. A better understanding of starch biosynthesis processes is essential for improving grain yield and cereal quality. Starch synthesis from sucrose significantly affects the starch level in wheat and grain weight. Identification of the most important enzymes involved in this pathway can be important in identifying cultivars useful for agriculture, breeding, genetic engineering and the production of wheat with high starch quality. Synthesis of starch in wheat mainly regulated by the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, Soluble Starch Synthase, Granule Bound Starch Synthase, Starch Branching Enzyme, and Starch debranching enzymes. This article examines these enzymes and the genes involved.